{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405717558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3521396","title":"Accurate, Secure, and Efficient Semi-Constrained Navigation Over Encrypted City Maps","display_name":"Accurate, Secure, and Efficient Semi-Constrained Navigation Over Encrypted City Maps","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405717558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3521396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2024.3521396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3521396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457571","display_name":"Meng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3553-0813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Meng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3553-0813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100606725","display_name":"Yifei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5256-3249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5256-3249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076420180","display_name":"Jianbo Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5391-8152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianbo Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Cyberspace Science and Technology at the Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5391-8152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology at the Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028827737","display_name":"Jingyu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0126-6359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","School of Computer Science and Technology at the University of Science and Technology of China, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology at the University of Science and Technology of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082748711","display_name":"Zijian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-4407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","Southeast Institute of Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Fujian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-4407","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast Institute of Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016904590","display_name":"Jialing He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8643-0647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialing He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8643-0647","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100634361","display_name":"Liehuang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-3887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liehuang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Cyberspace Science and Technology at the Beijing Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-3887","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology at the Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063847107","display_name":"Mauro Conti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Conti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and HIT Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and HIT Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083787204","display_name":"Xiaodong Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8916-6645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8916-6645","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100457571"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422","https://openalex.org/I79817857"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3179,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90367699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"2642","last_page":"2658"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7500470876693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6599074602127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.47880133986473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4717094600200653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7500470876693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6599074602127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.47880133986473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4717094600200653}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2024.3521396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3521396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3537770290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372149","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4365675440","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36213310","https://openalex.org/W173953576","https://openalex.org/W1502708590","https://openalex.org/W1534636449","https://openalex.org/W1539859404","https://openalex.org/W1798609567","https://openalex.org/W1892798954","https://openalex.org/W1971991172","https://openalex.org/W2054822857","https://openalex.org/W2061198996","https://openalex.org/W2063575624","https://openalex.org/W2072072832","https://openalex.org/W2074356711","https://openalex.org/W2082894754","https://openalex.org/W2084224084","https://openalex.org/W2106217851","https://openalex.org/W2108436124","https://openalex.org/W2120911939","https://openalex.org/W2132172731","https://openalex.org/W2139910984","https://openalex.org/W2146828512","https://openalex.org/W2152516507","https://openalex.org/W2165137405","https://openalex.org/W2169528473","https://openalex.org/W2170696315","https://openalex.org/W2237491325","https://openalex.org/W2539385377","https://openalex.org/W2564443285","https://openalex.org/W2765463836","https://openalex.org/W2781469847","https://openalex.org/W2800453060","https://openalex.org/W2905257503","https://openalex.org/W2953244776","https://openalex.org/W2963498611","https://openalex.org/W2966124701","https://openalex.org/W2966237140","https://openalex.org/W3035754533","https://openalex.org/W3052413922","https://openalex.org/W3088910537","https://openalex.org/W3131049055","https://openalex.org/W3141585064","https://openalex.org/W3167780976","https://openalex.org/W3173649106","https://openalex.org/W4289126832","https://openalex.org/W6645909193","https://openalex.org/W6677829731","https://openalex.org/W6678667773","https://openalex.org/W6682866549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2060145807","https://openalex.org/W4248806346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Navigation":[0,77],"services":[1],"enable":[2],"users":[3,28,42],"to":[4,15,52,85,98,122,135,167],"find":[5],"the":[6,30,110,137,143,155,158,164],"shortest":[7],"path":[8,188,209],"from":[9,40,49],"a":[10,16,66,81,95,100,132,176,201],"starting":[11],"point":[12],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[13,18,50,53,58,171,191,194],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$S$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[14,51],"destination":[17],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$D$</tex-math></inline-formula>,":[19],"reducing":[20],"time,":[21],"gas,":[22],"and":[23,46,79,89,105,116,140,149,162,180,206],"traffic":[24],"congestion.":[25],"Still,":[26],"navigation":[27,114],"risk":[29],"exposure":[31],"of":[32],"their":[33],"sensitive":[34],"location":[35],"data.":[36],"Our":[37],"motivation":[38],"arises":[39],"how":[41],"can":[43],"accurately,":[44],"securely,":[45],"efficiently":[47],"navigate":[48],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$D$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[54],"while":[55],"passing":[56],"through":[57],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[59],"<i>unordered":[60],"stops</i>,":[61],"i.e.,":[62],"midway":[63],"locations":[64],"with":[65,182,190,200],"non-fixed":[67],"visiting":[68],"order.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"work,":[72],"we":[73,93],"formally":[74,153],"define":[75],"Semi-Constrained":[76],"(SCN)":[78],"present":[80],"novel":[82],"scheme":[83],"Hermes":[84],"achieve":[86],"accurate,":[87],"secure,":[88],"efficient":[90],"SCN.":[91],"Specifically,":[92],"propose":[94],"divide-and-conquer":[96],"approach":[97],"strike":[99],"good":[101],"balance":[102],"between":[103],"accuracy":[104],"efficiency.":[106],"It":[107],"recursively":[108],"depth-first-searches":[109],"whole":[111],"area":[112],"(a":[113],"tree)":[115],"invokes":[117],"five":[118],"carefully-crafted":[119],"strategies":[120,144],"stop-by-stop":[121],"compute":[123],"three":[124,127],"subpaths":[125],"in":[126,157],"sequential":[128],"subareas.":[129],"We":[130,152,173],"construct":[131],"path-distance":[133],"oracle":[134,160],"encrypt":[136],"road":[138],"graph":[139],"securely":[141],"implement":[142],"by":[145],"using":[146],"homomorphic":[147],"encryption":[148],"garble":[150],"circuits.":[151],"prove":[154],"security":[156],"random":[159],"model":[161],"analyze":[163],"search":[165,189],"complexity":[166],"be":[168],"less":[169],"than":[170],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$O(k^{2})$</tex-math></inline-formula>.":[172],"experiment":[174],"over":[175],"real-world":[177],"city":[178],"map":[179],"compare":[181],"six":[183],"baselines.":[184],"Results":[185],"show":[186],"that":[187],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$k=4$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[192],"among":[193],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$N=1000$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[195],"intersections":[196],"requires":[197],"5.58":[198],"seconds":[199],"3.2%":[202],"distance":[203],"deviation":[204],"rate":[205],"an":[207],"82.5%":[208],"similarity.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}