{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403052649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3472869","title":"SHIELD - Secure Aggregation Against Poisoning in Hierarchical Federated Learning","display_name":"SHIELD - Secure Aggregation Against Poisoning in Hierarchical Federated Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403052649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3472869"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2024.3472869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3472869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3472869","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069043129","display_name":"Yushan Siriwardhana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5992-891X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yushan Siriwardhana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042235008","display_name":"Pawani Porambage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6365-9804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawani Porambage","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre, Espoo, Finland","VTT Technical Research Centre, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068169019","display_name":"Madhusanka Liyanage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-030X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madhusanka Liyanage","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040731348","display_name":"Samuel Marchal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-2707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Marchal","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland","VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Aalto University, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Aalto University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560","https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059694865","display_name":"Mika Ylianttila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8079-5514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mika Ylianttila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069043129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.732,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91592983,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"1845","last_page":"1863"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9235000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9050999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7164945602416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6097511053085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shield","display_name":"Shield","score":0.5432052612304688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10550284385681152}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7164945602416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6097511053085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138081364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852013","display_name":"Shield","level":2,"score":0.5432052612304688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10550284385681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5900021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163082","display_name":"Petrology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2024.3472869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3472869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2024.3472869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3472869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4441882298","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13/RC/2077_P2 projects","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151377110","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2747537200","https://openalex.org/W2788816110","https://openalex.org/W2930926105","https://openalex.org/W2963334472","https://openalex.org/W3015613093","https://openalex.org/W3015636663","https://openalex.org/W3021026170","https://openalex.org/W3021654819","https://openalex.org/W3043758338","https://openalex.org/W3045638580","https://openalex.org/W3087391814","https://openalex.org/W3088304361","https://openalex.org/W3093875170","https://openalex.org/W3094368349","https://openalex.org/W3116740735","https://openalex.org/W3121122428","https://openalex.org/W3161976591","https://openalex.org/W3173677040","https://openalex.org/W4205228770","https://openalex.org/W4210485920","https://openalex.org/W4210712880","https://openalex.org/W4284977233","https://openalex.org/W4285554319","https://openalex.org/W4286375442","https://openalex.org/W4362653687","https://openalex.org/W4376851503","https://openalex.org/W6607826182","https://openalex.org/W6674887505","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6743821447","https://openalex.org/W6748786018","https://openalex.org/W6749755156","https://openalex.org/W6752600739","https://openalex.org/W6756840679","https://openalex.org/W6784394700","https://openalex.org/W6787633081","https://openalex.org/W6847209443"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W191020423","https://openalex.org/W212028160","https://openalex.org/W4388071457","https://openalex.org/W2384581482","https://openalex.org/W4379056371","https://openalex.org/W4224273067","https://openalex.org/W2379865809","https://openalex.org/W2105077694"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"Learning":[1,8],"(FL)":[2],"is":[3,13,100],"a":[4,14,64,78,82,128,146,191],"privacy-preserving":[5],"distributed":[6],"Machine":[7],"(ML)":[9],"technique.":[10],"Hierarchical":[11,98],"FL":[12,18,34,99,121,140,154,185],"novel":[15,147],"variant":[16],"of":[17,26,66,198],"applicable":[19],"to":[20,30,76,103],"networks":[21],"with":[22,81,123,162,169,190],"multiple":[23],"layers.":[24],"Instead":[25],"transmitting":[27],"client":[28],"models":[29],"the":[31,38,41,44,49,52,93,107,195,199],"server,":[32],"hierarchical":[33,139,153,184],"performs":[35],"aggregations":[36],"in":[37,138,165],"layers":[39,75],"between":[40],"devices":[42],"and":[43,68,127,173],"server.":[45,129],"This":[46,142],"further":[47],"reduces":[48],"traffic":[50],"toward":[51,73],"higher":[53],"layers,":[54],"which":[55],"helps":[56],"efficient":[57],"link":[58],"utilization.":[59],"An":[60],"adversary":[61],"can":[62],"manipulate":[63],"set":[65],"clients":[67,126],"send":[69],"malicious":[70,83],"model":[71,80,94],"updates":[72],"upper":[74],"create":[77],"trained":[79],"objective.":[84],"These":[85],"attacks,":[86,91],"also":[87,101],"known":[88],"as":[89],"poisoning":[90,104,136,157,188],"disrupt":[92],"training.":[95],"Like":[96],"FL,":[97],"vulnerable":[102],"attacks":[105,137,189],"since":[106],"aggregators":[108],"do":[109],"not":[110,133],"possess":[111],"raw":[112],"data.":[113],"The":[114,176],"existing":[115],"robust":[116,148],"algorithms":[117],"are":[118,132],"designed":[119],"for":[120],"systems":[122,155,186],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[124],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$n$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[125],"Therefore,":[130],"they":[131],"effective":[134],"against":[135],"systems.":[141],"paper":[143],"proposes":[144],"SHIELD,":[145],"aggregation":[149],"technique":[150],"that":[151,180],"defends":[152,183],"from":[156,187],"attacks.":[158],"We":[159],"evaluate":[160],"SHIELD":[161,181],"several":[163],"datasets":[164],"different":[166,170],"application":[167],"areas":[168],"attack":[171],"strategies":[172],"data":[174],"distributions.":[175],"evaluation":[177],"results":[178],"demonstrate":[179],"effectively":[182],"negligible":[192],"impact":[193],"on":[194],"benign":[196],"performance":[197],"models.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
