{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403052657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3472569","title":"Iterative Window Mean Filter: Thwarting Diffusion-Based Adversarial Purification","display_name":"Iterative Window Mean Filter: Thwarting Diffusion-Based Adversarial Purification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403052657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3472569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2024.3472569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3472569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119012009","display_name":"Hanrui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0498-2712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanrui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Informatics (NII), Tokyo, Japan","National Institute of Informatics (NII), Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0498-2712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics (NII), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics (NII), Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023380459","display_name":"Ruoxi Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5404-8550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruoxi Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO’s Data61, Eveleigh, NSW, Australia","CSIRO's Data61, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5404-8550","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO’s Data61, Eveleigh, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO's Data61, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072508861","display_name":"Cunjian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2926-9762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cunjian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia","Monash University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2926-9762","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009850797","display_name":"Minhui Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9172-4252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minhui Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO’s Data61, Eveleigh, NSW, Australia","CSIRO's Data61, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9172-4252","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO’s Data61, Eveleigh, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO's Data61, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069570912","display_name":"Lay-Ki Soon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8072-242X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11662577","display_name":"Monash University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00yncr324","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11662577"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lay-Ki Soon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","Monash University, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11662577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11662577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400207","display_name":"Shuo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4971-1666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068764025","display_name":"Zhe Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-7992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Secure Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University, Anhui, China","Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Secure Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-7992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Secure Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Secure Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3245,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53633197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"1827","last_page":"1844"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.955299973487854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.955299973487854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.954200029373169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.9266999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6478495597839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5667743682861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.4870591461658478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.42278411984443665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2964789867401123}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6478495597839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5667743682861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4870591461658478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42278411984443665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2964789867401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2024.3472569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3472569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2818677759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2308085MF200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5331336184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62376003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":112,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W769612788","https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1834627138","https://openalex.org/W1883420340","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W1959608418","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2113741278","https://openalex.org/W2159577413","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2538525524","https://openalex.org/W2561975083","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2606529538","https://openalex.org/W2607219512","https://openalex.org/W2610321374","https://openalex.org/W2618043096","https://openalex.org/W2619479788","https://openalex.org/W2620038827","https://openalex.org/W2774018344","https://openalex.org/W2786118190","https://openalex.org/W2787733970","https://openalex.org/W2793931959","https://openalex.org/W2913848079","https://openalex.org/W2949311987","https://openalex.org/W2962759300","https://openalex.org/W2962847335","https://openalex.org/W2962872506","https://openalex.org/W2963001136","https://openalex.org/W2963143631","https://openalex.org/W2963389226","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2963564844","https://openalex.org/W2963726920","https://openalex.org/W2963744840","https://openalex.org/W2963771536","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2963920068","https://openalex.org/W2964082701","https://openalex.org/W2964197269","https://openalex.org/W2969542116","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2991429372","https://openalex.org/W3007264885","https://openalex.org/W3009542902","https://openalex.org/W3013520104","https://openalex.org/W3035574324","https://openalex.org/W3035795257","https://openalex.org/W3036167779","https://openalex.org/W3041956526","https://openalex.org/W3087838504","https://openalex.org/W3099206234","https://openalex.org/W3107235539","https://openalex.org/W3121370741","https://openalex.org/W3132864771","https://openalex.org/W3176134838","https://openalex.org/W3176913662","https://openalex.org/W4210700090","https://openalex.org/W4221148050","https://openalex.org/W4225759859","https://openalex.org/W4280605483","https://openalex.org/W4281630895","https://openalex.org/W4283363680","https://openalex.org/W4286233271","https://openalex.org/W4287637349","https://openalex.org/W4289821784","https://openalex.org/W4292956067","https://openalex.org/W4293584023","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4296557784","https://openalex.org/W4297573953","https://openalex.org/W4298090062","https://openalex.org/W4300167250","https://openalex.org/W4300677102","https://openalex.org/W4311453523","https://openalex.org/W4390873191","https://openalex.org/W6622262455","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6688325169","https://openalex.org/W6729756640","https://openalex.org/W6733645847","https://openalex.org/W6734483310","https://openalex.org/W6736296761","https://openalex.org/W6736987314","https://openalex.org/W6744679260","https://openalex.org/W6745272055","https://openalex.org/W6746402973","https://openalex.org/W6747920752","https://openalex.org/W6748204703","https://openalex.org/W6748475379","https://openalex.org/W6758975236","https://openalex.org/W6761100157","https://openalex.org/W6762775584","https://openalex.org/W6774469542","https://openalex.org/W6779823529","https://openalex.org/W6780593937","https://openalex.org/W6783713337","https://openalex.org/W6784493056","https://openalex.org/W6797100186","https://openalex.org/W6802503683","https://openalex.org/W6809940947","https://openalex.org/W6810311068","https://openalex.org/W6838695150","https://openalex.org/W6838931670","https://openalex.org/W6839117407","https://openalex.org/W6839626404","https://openalex.org/W6841865961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4310988119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"authentication":[1],"systems":[2],"have":[3,12,50],"brought":[4],"significant":[5],"convenience":[6],"and":[7,36,54,67,80,126],"advanced":[8],"developments,":[9],"yet":[10],"they":[11],"become":[13],"unreliable":[14],"due":[15],"to":[16,19,91,120,129],"their":[17],"sensitivity":[18],"inconspicuous":[20],"perturbations,":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23,88],"adversarial":[24,73,93,139],"attacks.":[25,131],"Existing":[26],"defenses":[27],"often":[28],"exhibit":[29],"weaknesses":[30],"when":[31],"facing":[32],"various":[33,121],"attack":[34],"algorithms":[35],"adaptive":[37,130],"attacks":[38],"or":[39,99],"compromise":[40],"accuracy":[41],"for":[42,72],"enhanced":[43],"security.":[44],"To":[45],"address":[46],"these":[47],"challenges,":[48],"we":[49],"developed":[51],"a":[52,69],"novel":[53],"highly":[55],"efficient":[56],"non-deep-learning-based":[57],"image":[58],"filter":[59],"called":[60],"the":[61,102,137],"Iterative":[62],"Window":[63],"Mean":[64],"Filter":[65],"(IWMF)":[66],"proposed":[68,109],"new":[70],"framework":[71],"purification,":[74],"named":[75],"IWMF-Diff,":[76],"which":[77],"integrates":[78],"IWMF":[79],"denoising":[81],"diffusion":[82],"models.":[83],"These":[84],"methods":[85],"can":[86],"function":[87],"pre-processing":[89],"modules":[90],"eliminate":[92],"perturbations":[94],"without":[95],"necessitating":[96],"further":[97],"modifications":[98],"retraining":[100],"of":[101,136],"target":[103],"system.":[104],"We":[105],"demonstrate":[106],"that":[107,135],"our":[108],"methodologies":[110],"fulfill":[111],"four":[112],"critical":[113],"requirements:":[114],"preserved":[115],"accuracy,":[116],"improved":[117],"security,":[118],"generalizability":[119],"threats":[122],"in":[123],"different":[124],"settings,":[125],"better":[127],"resistance":[128],"This":[132],"performance":[133],"surpasses":[134],"state-of-the-art":[138],"purification":[140],"method,":[141],"DiffPure.":[142],"Our":[143],"code":[144],"is":[145],"released":[146],"athttps://github.com/azrealwang/iwmfdiff.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}