{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401072811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3434667","title":"Precise Discovery of More Taint-Style Vulnerabilities in Embedded Firmware","display_name":"Precise Discovery of More Taint-Style Vulnerabilities in Embedded Firmware","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401072811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3434667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2024.3434667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3434667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033054817","display_name":"Xiaokang Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaokang Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1617-4561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041271227","display_name":"Ruijie Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruijie Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045530123","display_name":"Xiaoya Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4672-902X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoya Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4672-902X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071035452","display_name":"Qichao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5368-4221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qichao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5368-4221","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106103906","display_name":"Enzhou Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enzhou Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-0228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shengli Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0603-4200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengli Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0603-4200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7215,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86132859,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"1365","last_page":"1382"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9710000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.8689142465591431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7939649820327759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5009727478027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.43423426151275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.29111412167549133}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.8689142465591431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7939649820327759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5009727478027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.43423426151275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.29111412167549133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2024.3434667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3434667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15179086","https://openalex.org/W1563577331","https://openalex.org/W1970005004","https://openalex.org/W2002251314","https://openalex.org/W2043118292","https://openalex.org/W2091939272","https://openalex.org/W2180970301","https://openalex.org/W2782780792","https://openalex.org/W2791018263","https://openalex.org/W2882992559","https://openalex.org/W2982374693","https://openalex.org/W2986938475","https://openalex.org/W2989837574","https://openalex.org/W3015383024","https://openalex.org/W3108723500","https://openalex.org/W3135190561","https://openalex.org/W3155102819","https://openalex.org/W3212033785","https://openalex.org/W3212565000","https://openalex.org/W4210759690","https://openalex.org/W4246385123","https://openalex.org/W4288057749","https://openalex.org/W4384155508","https://openalex.org/W6631155369","https://openalex.org/W6678042037","https://openalex.org/W6744145243","https://openalex.org/W6766830175","https://openalex.org/W6766951209","https://openalex.org/W6768128038","https://openalex.org/W6781817248","https://openalex.org/W6795108105","https://openalex.org/W6921300763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2582981600","https://openalex.org/W4389238932","https://openalex.org/W4387467152","https://openalex.org/W3010413952","https://openalex.org/W4212885212","https://openalex.org/W4379115910","https://openalex.org/W4253989935","https://openalex.org/W2810560948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2],"taint-style":[3,62,142,189],"vulnerabilities":[4,17,32,172,190],"in":[5,33,176],"embedded":[6,34],"devices":[7],"poses":[8],"a":[9,60,80],"significant":[10],"threat":[11],"to":[12,21,48,74,86,102,140,158],"cybersecurity.":[13],"However,":[14],"discovering":[15,31,170],"these":[16,56],"is":[18],"challenging":[19],"due":[20],"their":[22],"vast":[23],"number":[24],"and":[25,46,52,71,78,98,123,152,164],"variety.":[26],"While":[27],"current":[28],"solutions":[29],"for":[30,111,120],"firmware":[35],"have":[36],"achieved":[37],"some":[38],"success,":[39],"they":[40],"suffer":[41],"from":[42],"imprecision,":[43],"are":[44],"time-consuming,":[45],"fail":[47],"consider":[49],"sensitive":[50],"sinks":[51,94],"constraints.":[53],"To":[54,182],"address":[55],"challenges,":[57],"we":[58],"propose":[59],"novel":[61],"vulnerability":[63,177],"discovery":[64,178],"method":[65],"called":[66],"SinkTaint.":[67],"SinkTaint":[68,115,134,146,166,184],"incorporates":[69],"backtracking":[70,100],"constraint":[72],"analysis":[73,97,101,139],"achieve":[75],"high":[76],"precision":[77],"employs":[79,116,135],"global":[81],"taint":[82,89,121,126,138],"keyword":[83],"identification":[84],"strategy":[85],"identify":[87],"implicit":[88],"keywords.":[90],"It":[91],"identifies":[92],"additional":[93],"using":[95],"static":[96],"performs":[99],"eliminate":[103],"sanitized":[104],"sinks,":[105],"while":[106],"retrieving":[107],"the":[108],"parameter's":[109],"length":[110],"risky":[112],"sinks.":[113],"Furthermore,":[114],"dual-label":[117],"labeling":[118],"strategies":[119],"keywords":[122],"data,":[124],"propagating":[125],"labels":[127],"based":[128],"on":[129,147],"function":[130],"return":[131],"values.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"symbolic":[136],"execution-based":[137],"discover":[141],"vulnerabilities.":[143,156],"We":[144],"evaluate":[145],"datasets":[148],"released":[149],"by":[150,180],"SaTC":[151],"10":[153],"known":[154],"overflow":[155],"Compared":[157],"state-of-the-art":[159],"methods,":[160],"including":[161],"Karonte,":[162],"SaTC,":[163],"EmTaint,":[165],"demonstrated":[167],"superior":[168],"performance,":[169],"more":[171],"with":[173],"an":[174],"increase":[175],"effectiveness":[179],"472%.":[181],"date,":[183],"has":[185],"identified":[186],"21":[187],"high-risk":[188],"that":[191],"were":[192],"previously":[193],"undisclosed.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
