{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393252682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3382321","title":"VeriFi: Towards Verifiable Federated Unlearning","display_name":"VeriFi: Towards Verifiable Federated Unlearning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393252682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3382321"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2024.3382321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3382321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/297536983/2205.12709v1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045161763","display_name":"Xiangshan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-2746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangshan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-2746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078711649","display_name":"Xingjun Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2099-4973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingjun Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China","Fudan University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2099-4973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319491","display_name":"Jingyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7113-7635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7113-7635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060663223","display_name":"Youcheng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1893-6259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youcheng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","University of Manchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1893-6259","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374484","display_name":"Bo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0022-0583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Champaign, IL, USA","UIUC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Champaign, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UIUC, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058611515","display_name":"Shouling Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4268-372X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shouling Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4268-372X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051951845","display_name":"Peng Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-2162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-2162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726041","display_name":"Jiming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-3145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Fudan University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-3145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045161763"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.5386,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99237639,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"5720","last_page":"5736"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.823199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.823199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14470","display_name":"Advanced Data Processing Techniques","score":0.7766000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.6991000175476074,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.8591603636741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7508643865585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4212832450866699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.32215914130210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15196624398231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.0765124261379242}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.8591603636741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7508643865585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4212832450866699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.32215914130210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15196624398231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0765124261379242}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2024.3382321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3382321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/54441ad4-b4da-46f9-ad3f-93efe06ce693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/54441ad4-b4da-46f9-ad3f-93efe06ce693","pdf_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/297536983/2205.12709v1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gao, X, Ma, X, Wang, J, Sun, Y, Li, B, Ji, S, Cheng, P & Chen, J 2024, 'VeriFi : Towards Verifiable Federated Unlearning', IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, pp. 5720 - 5736. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDSC.2024.3382321","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/54441ad4-b4da-46f9-ad3f-93efe06ce693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/54441ad4-b4da-46f9-ad3f-93efe06ce693","pdf_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/297536983/2205.12709v1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gao, X, Ma, X, Wang, J, Sun, Y, Li, B, Ji, S, Cheng, P & Chen, J 2024, 'VeriFi : Towards Verifiable Federated Unlearning', IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, pp. 5720 - 5736. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDSC.2024.3382321","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1068951151","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2575069074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62088101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4513079086","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62293511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5650502627","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7902418037","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22511106102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393252682.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393252682.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190008395","https://openalex.org/W1488996941","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W2028140375","https://openalex.org/W2051267297","https://openalex.org/W2103647628","https://openalex.org/W2107726111","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2473418344","https://openalex.org/W2535690855","https://openalex.org/W2560647685","https://openalex.org/W2566079294","https://openalex.org/W2579318729","https://openalex.org/W2744751690","https://openalex.org/W2767079719","https://openalex.org/W2788816110","https://openalex.org/W2794825826","https://openalex.org/W2806082141","https://openalex.org/W2912213068","https://openalex.org/W2954412990","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963946669","https://openalex.org/W2971641579","https://openalex.org/W2990595670","https://openalex.org/W3008443627","https://openalex.org/W3135713626","https://openalex.org/W3148595793","https://openalex.org/W3154155772","https://openalex.org/W3197363474","https://openalex.org/W4206320562","https://openalex.org/W4286256876","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6735632633","https://openalex.org/W6739868092","https://openalex.org/W6740005241","https://openalex.org/W6743581629","https://openalex.org/W6743821447","https://openalex.org/W6746897123","https://openalex.org/W6748786018","https://openalex.org/W6750665317","https://openalex.org/W6752600739","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6757248479","https://openalex.org/W6758890323","https://openalex.org/W6759226220","https://openalex.org/W6765443569","https://openalex.org/W6765541894","https://openalex.org/W6766394743","https://openalex.org/W6770131592","https://openalex.org/W6775330256","https://openalex.org/W6780640148","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6788013617","https://openalex.org/W6795302430","https://openalex.org/W6801417699","https://openalex.org/W6846762878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2355730523","https://openalex.org/W152021879","https://openalex.org/W2072918937","https://openalex.org/W2365629437","https://openalex.org/W2023935927","https://openalex.org/W2348330439","https://openalex.org/W2350372928","https://openalex.org/W2377292126","https://openalex.org/W2128900334"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"learning":[1,9,386],"(FL)":[2],"has":[3,45,85],"emerged":[4],"as":[5,99],"a":[6,15,42,135,284,336,352],"privacy-aware":[7],"collaborative":[8],"paradigm":[10],"where":[11],"participants":[12],"jointly":[13],"train":[14],"powerful":[16],"model":[17,309],"without":[18],"sharing":[19],"their":[20],"private":[21,54],"data.":[22],"One":[23],"desirable":[24],"property":[25],"for":[26,272,338,422],"FL":[27,98],"is":[28,94,167],"the":[29,32,46,50,57,73,89,100,111,121,164,169,179,183,190,211,226,232,245,266,279,330,340],"implementation":[30],"of":[31,52,113,123,142,147,153,192,347,384],"<italic":[33,61,124,170,206,216,221],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[34,62,125,132,161,171,207,217,222,237,292,319,325,371],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">right":[35,172],"to":[36,48,69,173,176,195],"be":[37,67,77,108,335],"forgotten":[38],"(RTBF)</i>":[39],",":[40,80,134,163,239],"i.e.,":[41],"leaving":[43,165,212],"participant":[44,166,213],"right":[47],"request":[49],"deletion":[51],"its":[53,148,193],"data":[55,106],"from":[56],"global":[58,227],"model.":[59],"However,":[60],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">unlearning":[63],"itself":[64],"may":[65,333],"not":[66,334],"enough":[68],"implement":[70],"RTBF":[71],"unless":[72],"unlearning":[74,101,144,155,180,255,274,289,364],"effect":[75,102,181],"can":[76],"independently":[78],"verified</i>":[79],"an":[81,402],"important":[82,416],"aspect":[83],"that":[84,138,209,224],"been":[86],"overlooked":[87],"in":[88,97,182],"current":[90],"literature.":[91],"Unlearning":[92],"verification":[93,157,200,259,276,316],"particularly":[95],"challenging":[96],"on":[103,231,235,249,265,373],"one":[104],"participant's":[105],"could":[107,413],"canceled":[109],"by":[110,214],"contribution":[112],"other":[114],"participants.":[115],"In":[116,159],"this":[117],"work,":[118],"we":[119,240,281],"prompt":[120],"concept":[122],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">verifiable":[126],"federated":[127,143,251,363,424],"unlearning</i>":[128],"and":[129,145,156,219,257,269,275,287,296,300,323,350,359,365,379,381,394,404,411,420],"propose":[130,283],"<sc":[131,160,236,370],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">VeriFi</small>":[133,162,238,372],"unified":[136],"framework":[137],"allows":[139],"systematic":[140,247],"analysis":[141],"quantification":[146],"effect,":[149],"with":[150,198],"different":[151],"combinations":[152],"various":[154],"methods.":[158,260,277],"granted":[168],"verify":[174,178],"(RTV)</i>":[175],"actively":[177],"next":[184],"few":[185],"rounds":[186],"immediately":[187],"after":[188],"notifying":[189],"server":[191],"intention":[194],"leave,":[196],"along":[197],"local":[199],"done":[201],"through":[202],"two":[203,297],"steps:":[204],"1)":[205],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">marking</i>":[208],"fingerprints":[210],"specially-designed":[215],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">markers</i>":[218],"2)":[220],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">checking</i>":[223],"examines":[225],"model's":[228],"performance":[229],"change":[230],"markers.":[233],"Based":[234],"have":[241],"conducted":[242],"so":[243],"far":[244],"most":[246],"study":[248,262],"verifiable":[250],"unlearning,":[252],"covering":[253],"six":[254],"methods":[256,317,332,349],"five":[258],"Our":[261],"sheds":[263],"light":[264],"existing":[267,348],"drawbacks":[268,346],"potential":[270],"alternatives":[271],"both":[273,389],"During":[278],"study,":[280],"also":[282],"more":[285,298,360],"efficient":[286],"FL-friendly":[288],"method":[290],"<inline-formula":[291,318,324],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[293,320,326],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$^{u}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[294],"S2U,":[295],"effective":[299],"robust":[301],"non-invasive":[302,362],"(without":[303],"training":[304],"controllability,":[305],"external":[306],"data,":[307],"white-box":[308],"access":[310],"nor":[311],"introducing":[312],"new":[313],"security":[314],"risks)":[315],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$^{v}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[321,327],"FM":[322],"EM.":[328],"While":[329],"proposed":[331],"panacea":[337],"all":[339],"challenges,":[341],"they":[342],"address":[343],"several":[344],"key":[345],"represent":[351],"promising":[353],"step":[354],"toward":[355],"effective,":[356],"efficient,":[357],"robust,":[358],"importantly,":[361],"verification.":[366],"We":[367,399],"extensively":[368],"evaluate":[369],"seven":[374],"datasets,":[375],"including":[376,388],"natural/facial/medical":[377],"images":[378],"audios,":[380],"four":[382],"types":[383],"deep":[385],"models,":[387],"Convolutional":[390],"Neural":[391,396],"Networks":[392,397],"(CNNs)":[393],"Recurrent":[395],"(RNNs).":[398],"hope,":[400],"such":[401],"extensive":[403],"holistic":[405],"experimental":[406],"evaluation,":[407],"although":[408],"admittedly":[409],"complex":[410],"challenging,":[412],"help":[414],"establish":[415],"empirical":[417],"understandings,":[418],"evidence,":[419],"insights":[421],"trustworthy":[423],"unlearning.":[425]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}