{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392908488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3376437","title":"Adversarial Learning for Coordinate Regression Through k-Layer Penetrating Representation","display_name":"Adversarial Learning for Coordinate Regression Through k-Layer Penetrating Representation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392908488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3376437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2024.3376437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3376437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/8737","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004845860","display_name":"Mengxi Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5932-7946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mengxi Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5932-7946","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053058502","display_name":"Yulei Sui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9510-6574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulei Sui","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9510-6574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041490965","display_name":"Yunqi Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9731-5815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunqi Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9731-5815","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084396416","display_name":"Xiaofei Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1288-6502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1288-6502","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101603861","display_name":"Cuihua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9524-1592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuihua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355692","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-9215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-9215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021751767","display_name":"Ivor W. Tsang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8095-4637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivor W. Tsang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Frontier AI Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8095-4637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Frontier AI Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004845860"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.026196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"5538","last_page":"5552"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9261999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9261999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9204999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7134444713592529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5718550682067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5675923228263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.4740203022956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4563002288341522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.4331488609313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3459630012512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.18803814053535461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15435904264450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.08463802933692932}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7134444713592529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5718550682067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5675923228263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4740203022956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4563002288341522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.4331488609313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3459630012512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18803814053535461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15435904264450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.08463802933692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2024.3376437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3376437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-9740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/8737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDSC.2024.3376437","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-9740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/8737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDSC.2024.3376437","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080873731","https://openalex.org/W2101032778","https://openalex.org/W2102148524","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2230740169","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2307770531","https://openalex.org/W2408141691","https://openalex.org/W2543927648","https://openalex.org/W2557290168","https://openalex.org/W2607964754","https://openalex.org/W2613144983","https://openalex.org/W2620038827","https://openalex.org/W2745565856","https://openalex.org/W2753783305","https://openalex.org/W2756050327","https://openalex.org/W2765424254","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2798646183","https://openalex.org/W2940677637","https://openalex.org/W2941205169","https://openalex.org/W2962700793","https://openalex.org/W2962763344","https://openalex.org/W2963416329","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2963564844","https://openalex.org/W2963598138","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964105113","https://openalex.org/W2964152294","https://openalex.org/W2964159205","https://openalex.org/W2964301649","https://openalex.org/W2973127894","https://openalex.org/W2993396030","https://openalex.org/W2996739861","https://openalex.org/W3008392744","https://openalex.org/W3009516594","https://openalex.org/W3012164219","https://openalex.org/W3033816777","https://openalex.org/W3047856150","https://openalex.org/W3094549462","https://openalex.org/W3103557498","https://openalex.org/W3123566204","https://openalex.org/W3124950011","https://openalex.org/W3166180472","https://openalex.org/W3167844842","https://openalex.org/W3192552885","https://openalex.org/W3195153428","https://openalex.org/W4206735239","https://openalex.org/W4281778452","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6685943642","https://openalex.org/W6689238212","https://openalex.org/W6714069269","https://openalex.org/W6736828813","https://openalex.org/W6737432490","https://openalex.org/W6746295503","https://openalex.org/W6759424558","https://openalex.org/W6761833289","https://openalex.org/W6763511984","https://openalex.org/W6766534872","https://openalex.org/W6770694392","https://openalex.org/W6773713311","https://openalex.org/W6779268470","https://openalex.org/W6838545472","https://openalex.org/W6910546390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3176240006","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4288019534","https://openalex.org/W4310988119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adversarial":[0],"attack":[1,20],"is":[2,123],"a":[3,33,67,93,129,143,174,183],"crucial":[4],"step":[5],"when":[6],"evaluating":[7],"the":[8,43,57,102,107,116,133,138,148,162,169,179,189,208],"reliability":[9],"and":[10,76,155,165,198],"robustness":[11],"of":[12,40,59,88,106,132,147,168,173,207],"deep":[13],"neural":[14],"networks":[15],"(DNNs)":[16],"models.":[17],"Most":[18],"existing":[19],"approaches":[21],"apply":[22,188],"an":[23,136],"end-to-end":[24,53,121],"gradient":[25,60],"update":[26],"strategy":[27],"to":[28,114,192],"generate":[29],"adversarial":[30,69,180,226],"examples":[31],"for":[32,73],"classification":[34],"or":[35],"regression":[36,49,81,210],"problem.":[37],"However,":[38],"few":[39],"them":[41],"consider":[42],"non-differentiable":[44,84],"DNN":[45],"models":[46,82],"(e.g.,":[47],"coordinate":[48,80,209],"model)":[50],"that":[51,216],"prevent":[52],"backpropagation":[54,122],"resulting":[55],"in":[56,92,119,135],"failure":[58],"calculation.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"article,":[64],"we":[65,100],"present":[66],"new":[68],"example":[70],"generation":[71],"approach":[72,90,140,191,218],"both":[74],"untargeted":[75],"targeted":[77],"attacks":[78],"on":[79,98,182,228],"with":[83],"operations.":[85],"The":[86,212],"novelty":[87],"our":[89,217],"lies":[91],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[94,108,170],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-layer":[95],"penetrating":[96],"representation,":[97],"which":[99,120,203],"perturb":[101],"hidden":[103,166],"feature":[104],"distribution":[105],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>th":[109,171],"layer":[110,172],"through":[111],"relational":[112],"guidance":[113],"influence":[115],"final":[117],"output,":[118],"not":[124],"required.":[125],"Rather":[126],"than":[127],"modifying":[128],"large":[130],"portion":[131],"pixels":[134,152,164],"image,":[137],"proposed":[139,190],"only":[141],"modifies":[142],"very":[144],"small":[145],"set":[146],"input":[149,163],"pixels.":[150],"These":[151],"are":[153,204],"carefully":[154],"precisely":[156],"selected":[157],"by":[158],"three":[159],"correlations":[160],"between":[161],"features":[167],"DNN,":[175],"thus":[176],"significantly":[177],"reducing":[178],"perturbation":[181,227],"clean":[184,229],"image.":[185],"We":[186],"successfully":[187],"two":[193],"different":[194],"tasks":[195],"(i.e.,":[196],"2D":[197],"3D":[199],"human":[200],"pose":[201],"estimation)":[202],"typical":[205],"applications":[206],"learning.":[211],"comprehensive":[213],"experiments":[214],"demonstrate":[215],"achieves":[219],"better":[220],"performance":[221],"while":[222],"using":[223],"much":[224],"less":[225],"images.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
