{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392449489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3372777","title":"PrivacyAsst: Safeguarding User Privacy in Tool-Using Large Language Model Agents","display_name":"PrivacyAsst: Safeguarding User Privacy in Tool-Using Large Language Model Agents","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392449489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3372777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2024.3372777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3372777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390708","display_name":"Xinyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-5774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111145020","display_name":"Huiyu Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3797-846X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiyu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072485378","display_name":"Zhongjie Ba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0921-8869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongjie Ba","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422345","display_name":"Zhibo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5804-3279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhibo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100725148","display_name":"Yuan Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4095-4506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Connecticut, Stamford, CT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Connecticut, Stamford, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100659367","display_name":"Jian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2636-5561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043524348","display_name":"Zhan Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7872-6969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhan Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105297718","display_name":"Kui Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-2591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100390708"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.1594,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99210606,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"5242","last_page":"5258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8030152916908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safeguarding","display_name":"Safeguarding","score":0.7282841205596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5297663807868958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.4643429219722748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4312606751918793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8030152916908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776743756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5097921","display_name":"Safeguarding","level":2,"score":0.7282841205596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5297663807868958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.4643429219722748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4312606751918793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2024.3372777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2024.3372777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1803704698","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072395","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2051114290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3935748781","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20A20178","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G554810875","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2308730","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6396764938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021FZZX001-27","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484474218","https://openalex.org/W1494538302","https://openalex.org/W1545904932","https://openalex.org/W1569777704","https://openalex.org/W1577128260","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W1764405480","https://openalex.org/W1832437703","https://openalex.org/W1834627138","https://openalex.org/W2073346043","https://openalex.org/W2087811006","https://openalex.org/W2103299932","https://openalex.org/W2103647628","https://openalex.org/W2106970188","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2116843749","https://openalex.org/W2127295197","https://openalex.org/W2134167315","https://openalex.org/W2143668817","https://openalex.org/W2159024459","https://openalex.org/W2174056151","https://openalex.org/W2211872228","https://openalex.org/W2226167778","https://openalex.org/W2233194383","https://openalex.org/W2401959250","https://openalex.org/W2512940382","https://openalex.org/W2617872846","https://openalex.org/W2768174108","https://openalex.org/W2886934227","https://openalex.org/W2887483103","https://openalex.org/W2891973500","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W3163458230","https://openalex.org/W3186138538","https://openalex.org/W3205275092","https://openalex.org/W3207137622","https://openalex.org/W4231645469","https://openalex.org/W4293168393","https://openalex.org/W4312220159","https://openalex.org/W4384071683","https://openalex.org/W4385679821","https://openalex.org/W4387968020","https://openalex.org/W4388189737","https://openalex.org/W4393150389","https://openalex.org/W6628260133","https://openalex.org/W6632515142","https://openalex.org/W6675445516","https://openalex.org/W6677185349","https://openalex.org/W6679800425","https://openalex.org/W6682793427","https://openalex.org/W6685535597","https://openalex.org/W6729383884","https://openalex.org/W6778434676","https://openalex.org/W6787335730","https://openalex.org/W6790811189","https://openalex.org/W6793226373","https://openalex.org/W6809646742","https://openalex.org/W6849732303","https://openalex.org/W6850202480","https://openalex.org/W6850625674","https://openalex.org/W6850936240","https://openalex.org/W6851513886","https://openalex.org/W6851775633","https://openalex.org/W6852136651","https://openalex.org/W6853064329","https://openalex.org/W6853313673","https://openalex.org/W6853465110","https://openalex.org/W6853608320","https://openalex.org/W6854719541","https://openalex.org/W6854866820","https://openalex.org/W6854929498","https://openalex.org/W6855330075","https://openalex.org/W6855558629","https://openalex.org/W6860318346","https://openalex.org/W6874517714","https://openalex.org/W6946312898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2584827882","https://openalex.org/W2538581760","https://openalex.org/W3195097297","https://openalex.org/W4225340788","https://openalex.org/W3038106605","https://openalex.org/W2513267613","https://openalex.org/W3049084372","https://openalex.org/W2528109871","https://openalex.org/W2940702331","https://openalex.org/W2905822832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Swift":[0],"advancements":[1],"in":[2,15,179,200],"large":[3],"language":[4],"model":[5,153],"(LLM)":[6],"technologies":[7],"lead":[8],"to":[9,35,44,67,81,114,138,143,159],"widespread":[10],"research":[11],"and":[12,38,57,70,73,79,127,130,154],"applications,":[13],"particularly":[14],"integrating":[16],"LLMs":[17,37,56,72,129],"with":[18,76],"auxiliary":[19],"tools,":[20,74],"known":[21],"as":[22,121],"tool-using":[23,63,97],"LLM":[24,64,98],"agents.":[25],"However,":[26],"amid":[27],"user":[28],"interactions,":[29],"the":[30,91,140],"transmission":[31],"of":[32],"private":[33],"information":[34],"both":[36,68,125],"tools":[39],"poses":[40],"considerable":[41],"privacy":[42,77,172,183],"risks":[43],"users.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47,186],"paper,":[48],"we":[49,88,108,133,168,189],"delve":[50],"into":[51],"current":[52],"privacy-preserving":[53,93,161,202],"solutions":[54,102],"for":[55,62,96,103,119,182],"outline":[58],"three":[59],"pivotal":[60],"challenges":[61],"agents:":[65],"generalization":[66],"open-source":[69,126],"closed-source":[71,128],"compliance":[75,184],"requirements,":[78],"applicability":[80,142],"unrestricted":[82,144],"tasks.":[83,145],"To":[84],"tackle":[85],"these":[86],"challenges,":[87],"present":[89],"PrivacyAsst,":[90,191],"first":[92],"framework":[94],"tailored":[95],"agents,":[99],"encompassing":[100],"two":[101,194],"different":[104],"application":[105],"scenarios.":[106],"First,":[107],"incorporate":[109],"a":[110,122,135],"homomorphic":[111],"encryption":[112],"scheme":[113],"ensure":[115],"computational":[116],"security":[117],"guarantees":[118],"users":[120],"safeguard":[123],"against":[124],"tools.":[131],"Moreover,":[132],"propose":[134],"shuffling-based":[136],"solution":[137,147],"broaden":[139],"framework's":[141],"This":[146],"employs":[148],"an":[149,155,170],"attribute-based":[150],"forgery":[151],"generative":[152],"attribute":[156],"shuffling":[157],"mechanism":[158],"craft":[160],"requests,":[162],"effectively":[163],"concealing":[164],"individual":[165],"inputs.":[166],"Additionally,":[167],"introduce":[169],"innovative":[171],"concept,":[173],"<inline-formula":[174],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[175],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[176],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$t$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[177],"-closeness":[178],"image":[180],"data,":[181],"within":[185],"solution.":[187],"Finally,":[188],"implement":[190],"accompanied":[192],"by":[193],"case":[195],"studies,":[196],"demonstrating":[197],"its":[198],"effectiveness":[199],"advancing":[201],"artificial":[203],"intelligence.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}