{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3213349355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2023.3313934","title":"A Systematic Methodology to Compute the Quantum Vulnerability Factors for Quantum Circuits","display_name":"A Systematic Methodology to Compute the Quantum Vulnerability Factors for Quantum Circuits","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3213349355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2023.3313934","mag":"3213349355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2023.3313934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2023.3313934","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8858/4358699/10248045.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8858/4358699/10248045.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060947874","display_name":"Daniel Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-3992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52418104","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05syd6y78","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Federal University of Paran&#x00E1; (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Federal University of Paran&#x00E1; (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064110332","display_name":"Edoardo Giusto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-6685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edoardo Giusto","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAUIN, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAUIN, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052199458","display_name":"Betis Baheri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2130-8106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149910238","display_name":"Kent State University","ror":"https://ror.org/049pfb863","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Betis Baheri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102787759","display_name":"Qiang Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3804-8945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149910238","display_name":"Kent State University","ror":"https://ror.org/049pfb863","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001650952","display_name":"Bartolomeo Montrucchio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0065-8614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bartolomeo Montrucchio","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAUIN, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAUIN, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054264208","display_name":"Paolo Rech","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9597-1007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Rech","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Universit&#x00E0; di Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Universit&#x00E0; di Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060947874"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52418104"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1758,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51757408,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"2631","last_page":"2644"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.7610461115837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qubit","display_name":"Qubit","score":0.685458242893219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6663722991943359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-error-correction","display_name":"Quantum error correction","score":0.5166745185852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4856066107749939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-technology","display_name":"Quantum technology","score":0.4598783552646637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.4481493830680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superconducting-quantum-computing","display_name":"Superconducting quantum computing","score":0.44384077191352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4376521706581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.43264198303222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.40293484926223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.37156033515930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3345259726047516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-quantum-system","display_name":"Open quantum system","score":0.25422048568725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24710813164710999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.19911009073257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13492590188980103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.7610461115837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.685458242893219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6663722991943359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51003876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536431","display_name":"Quantum error correction","level":4,"score":0.5166745185852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4856066107749939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190463098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081419","display_name":"Quantum technology","level":4,"score":0.4598783552646637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.4481493830680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119382340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7643176","display_name":"Superconducting quantum computing","level":4,"score":0.44384077191352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4376521706581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.43264198303222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.40293484926223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.37156033515930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3345259726047516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190474826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2495111","display_name":"Open quantum system","level":3,"score":0.25422048568725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24710813164710999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.19911009073257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13492590188980103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2023.3313934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2023.3313934","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8858/4358699/10248045.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2111.07085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2111.07085","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.07085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/403929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11572/403929","pdf_url":"https://iris.unitn.it/bitstream/11572/403929/1/TDSC_A_Systematic_Methodology_to_Compute_the_Quantum_Vulnerability_Factors_for_Quantum_Circuits.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:3213349355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.07085.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2111.07085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2111.07085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2023.3313934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2023.3313934","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8858/4358699/10248045.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3213349355.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3213349355.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W199424061","https://openalex.org/W1969310365","https://openalex.org/W1972394940","https://openalex.org/W1993970695","https://openalex.org/W1999706070","https://openalex.org/W2006290558","https://openalex.org/W2050334794","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2108704847","https://openalex.org/W2123907700","https://openalex.org/W2128164182","https://openalex.org/W2131271035","https://openalex.org/W2144512449","https://openalex.org/W2152652532","https://openalex.org/W2160642636","https://openalex.org/W2161685427","https://openalex.org/W2735162286","https://openalex.org/W2786746876","https://openalex.org/W2889938786","https://openalex.org/W2901848761","https://openalex.org/W2913208203","https://openalex.org/W2930242962","https://openalex.org/W2979840408","https://openalex.org/W2980100927","https://openalex.org/W3000698183","https://openalex.org/W3016451562","https://openalex.org/W3086667465","https://openalex.org/W3100213367","https://openalex.org/W3100749447","https://openalex.org/W3102404436","https://openalex.org/W3103558166","https://openalex.org/W3105576962","https://openalex.org/W3105621179","https://openalex.org/W3105820062","https://openalex.org/W3111171121","https://openalex.org/W3111645456","https://openalex.org/W3117639556","https://openalex.org/W3130391152","https://openalex.org/W3156619533","https://openalex.org/W3157265795","https://openalex.org/W3158260911","https://openalex.org/W3159007248","https://openalex.org/W3160485577","https://openalex.org/W3166751781","https://openalex.org/W3171376167","https://openalex.org/W3178633198","https://openalex.org/W3187317723","https://openalex.org/W3195512210","https://openalex.org/W3209612530","https://openalex.org/W4312588418","https://openalex.org/W6682244414","https://openalex.org/W6769130495","https://openalex.org/W6786883018","https://openalex.org/W6944776770"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201508714","https://openalex.org/W3184830186","https://openalex.org/W3171712046","https://openalex.org/W3112953322","https://openalex.org/W3181571182","https://openalex.org/W3107868845","https://openalex.org/W2414059285","https://openalex.org/W3106522152","https://openalex.org/W2523287421","https://openalex.org/W2994348533","https://openalex.org/W2140295631","https://openalex.org/W204679888","https://openalex.org/W2922421350","https://openalex.org/W3163669402","https://openalex.org/W1516578878","https://openalex.org/W3037649077","https://openalex.org/W2995509636","https://openalex.org/W2997498083","https://openalex.org/W3128504623","https://openalex.org/W1991002485"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0,98],"computing":[1],"is":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,10,40,67,70,76,106,136,185],"the":[5,11,23,68,74,84,97,104,110,123,134,151,161,170,177,183,191],"most":[6],"promising":[7],"technology":[8],"advances":[9],"latest":[12,124],"years.":[13],"Qubits":[14],"are":[15,34,53,156],"highly":[16],"sensitive":[17],"to":[18,37,55,102,159,168,175,181],"noise,":[19],"which":[20],"can":[21],"make":[22],"output":[24,178],"useless.":[25],"Lately,":[26],"it":[27],"has":[28],"been":[29],"shown":[30],"that":[31,155],"superconducting":[32,80],"qubits":[33,61,154,171],"extremely":[35],"susceptible":[36],"external":[38],"sources":[39],"faults,":[41,115,146],"such":[42],"as":[43],"ionizing":[44],"radiation.":[45],"When":[46],"adopted":[47],"in":[48,73,172],"large":[49],"scale,":[50],"radiation-induced":[51,188],"errors":[52],"expected":[54],"become":[56],"a":[57,118,187],"serious":[58],"challenge":[59],"for":[60,92],"reliability.":[62],"We":[63,113,132,163],"propose":[64,96],"an":[65],"evaluation":[66],"impact":[69,105,160],"transient":[71],"faults":[72,152],"execution":[75],"quantum":[77,201],"circuits":[78],"on":[79,109,122,126,147,166,199],"chips.":[81],"Inspired":[82],"by":[83],"Architectural":[85],"and":[86,116,129,144,153,180],"Program":[87],"Vulnerability":[88,99],"Factors,":[89],"widely":[90],"used":[91],"classical":[93],"computation,":[94],"we":[95,194],"Factor":[100],"(QVF)":[101],"measure":[103],"qubit":[107],"corruption":[108,189],"circuit":[111],"output.":[112,162,192],"model":[114],"design":[117],"fault":[119,140],"injector,":[120],"based":[121],"studies":[125],"real":[127,173],"machines":[128],"radiation":[130],"experiments.":[131],"report":[133],"finding":[135],"more":[137,157],"than":[138],"388,000,000":[139],"injections,":[141],"considering":[142],"single":[143],"double":[145],"three":[148],"algorithms,":[149],"identifying":[150],"likely":[158],"give":[164],"guidelines":[165],"how":[167],"map":[169],"devices":[174],"reduce":[176,182],"error":[179],"probability":[184],"having":[186],"modifying":[190],"Finally,":[193],"compare":[195],"simulations":[196],"with":[197],"experiments":[198],"physical":[200],"computers.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
