{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319303130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2023.3242292","title":"UniAP: Protecting Speech Privacy With Non-Targeted Universal Adversarial Perturbations","display_name":"UniAP: Protecting Speech Privacy With Non-Targeted Universal Adversarial Perturbations","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319303130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2023.3242292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2023.3242292","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2023.3242292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111090174","display_name":"Peng Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-2274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082763858","display_name":"Yuexin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9005-5678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuexin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100725148","display_name":"Yuan Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4095-4506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Connecticut, Stamford, CT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Connecticut, Stamford, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072485378","display_name":"Zhongjie Ba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0921-8869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongjie Ba","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078406349","display_name":"Feng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-5200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100658678","display_name":"Li L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5230-3749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105297718","display_name":"Kui Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-2591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111090174"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9231,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88185389,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"31","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8558388948440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7126206159591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transferability","display_name":"Transferability","score":0.5693415403366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.4781830608844757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45123180747032166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4435098171234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.43062829971313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.41680383682250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.36221981048583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3382393419742584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.25506144762039185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8558388948440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7126206159591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61272859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834031","display_name":"Transferability","level":3,"score":0.5693415403366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.4781830608844757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45123180747032166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4435098171234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.43062829971313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.41680383682250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.36221981048583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3382393419742584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.25506144762039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140331021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868104","display_name":"Logit","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2023.3242292","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2023.3242292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1344357389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2302689","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1553882415","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972348","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G181313464","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2034870","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2051114290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3489595043","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62032021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4062712781","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772236","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5043574788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102354","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5085717110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2308730","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5568527083","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2046335","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6396764938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021FZZX001-27","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322927","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515135833","https://openalex.org/W1922655562","https://openalex.org/W2136682440","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2543927648","https://openalex.org/W2624801495","https://openalex.org/W2782403400","https://openalex.org/W2797583228","https://openalex.org/W2806521799","https://openalex.org/W2890915954","https://openalex.org/W2891177506","https://openalex.org/W2898435086","https://openalex.org/W2899225656","https://openalex.org/W2923292931","https://openalex.org/W2951082691","https://openalex.org/W2962780374","https://openalex.org/W2963058500","https://openalex.org/W2964301649","https://openalex.org/W2972706975","https://openalex.org/W2973252307","https://openalex.org/W2990594762","https://openalex.org/W2994294114","https://openalex.org/W3006816054","https://openalex.org/W3015958938","https://openalex.org/W3030359475","https://openalex.org/W3084424094","https://openalex.org/W3109639465","https://openalex.org/W3109668151","https://openalex.org/W3110715780","https://openalex.org/W3138076532","https://openalex.org/W3156272176","https://openalex.org/W3167533889","https://openalex.org/W3197946353","https://openalex.org/W3198694222","https://openalex.org/W3207651366","https://openalex.org/W3215712566","https://openalex.org/W4210406452","https://openalex.org/W4244201901","https://openalex.org/W4245919820","https://openalex.org/W4286256888","https://openalex.org/W6640090968","https://openalex.org/W6690610466","https://openalex.org/W6746882984","https://openalex.org/W6748288002","https://openalex.org/W6750412548","https://openalex.org/W6750665317","https://openalex.org/W6751853187","https://openalex.org/W6760326341","https://openalex.org/W6770740836","https://openalex.org/W6782072790","https://openalex.org/W6790512348","https://openalex.org/W6794103382","https://openalex.org/W6810132989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4288055406","https://openalex.org/W4200630034","https://openalex.org/W3137894200","https://openalex.org/W3092178728","https://openalex.org/W4226402597","https://openalex.org/W3132910851","https://openalex.org/W4377864639","https://openalex.org/W4392340763","https://openalex.org/W4283325551","https://openalex.org/W4403006689"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ubiquitous":[0],"microphones":[1,14],"on":[2,31,77,188,197],"smart":[3],"devices":[4],"considerably":[5],"raise":[6],"users\u2019":[7],"concerns":[8],"about":[9],"speech":[10,64,94],"privacy.":[11],"Since":[12],"the":[13,59,67,81,102,140,163,179],"are":[15,142],"primarily":[16],"controlled":[17],"by":[18,97,136],"hardware/software":[19],"developers,":[20],"profit-driven":[21],"organizations":[22],"can":[23,116],"easily":[24],"collect":[25],"and":[26,39,125,166,170,174],"analyze":[27],"individuals\u2019":[28],"daily":[29],"conversations":[30],"a":[32],"large":[33],"scale":[34],"with":[35,58],"deep":[36],"learning":[37,87],"models,":[38],"users":[40,57,123],"have":[41],"no":[42],"means":[43],"to":[44,55,88,92],"stop":[45],"such":[46],"privacy-violating":[47],"behavior.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"article,":[51],"we":[52,84],"propose":[53],"UniAP":[54],"empower":[56],"capability":[60],"of":[61,80,105,121,158],"protecting":[62],"their":[63,72],"privacy":[65,119],"from":[66],"large-scale":[68],"analysis":[69],"without":[70],"affecting":[71],"routine":[73],"voice":[74],"activities.":[75],"Based":[76],"our":[78,114,152,184],"observation":[79],"recognition":[82,103],"model,":[83],"utilize":[85],"adversarial":[86],"generate":[89],"quasi-imperceptible":[90],"perturbations":[91,115,141,153],"disturb":[93],"signals":[95],"captured":[96],"nearby":[98],"microphones,":[99],"thus":[100],"obfuscating":[101],"results":[104],"recordings":[106],"into":[107],"meaningless":[108],"contents.":[109],"As":[110],"validated":[111],"in":[112,162,178],"experiments,":[113],"protect":[117],"user":[118],"regardless":[120],"what":[122],"speak":[124],"when":[126],"they":[127],"speak.":[128],"The":[129],"jamming":[130,156],"performance":[131],"stability":[132],"is":[133],"further":[134],"improved":[135],"training":[137],"optimization.":[138],"Additionally,":[139],"robust":[143],"against":[144],"noise":[145],"removal":[146],"techniques.":[147],"Extensive":[148],"evaluations":[149],"show":[150],"that":[151],"achieve":[154],"successful":[155],"rates":[157],"more":[159],"than":[160],"87%":[161],"digital":[164],"domain":[165],"at":[167],"least":[168],"90%":[169],"70%":[171],"for":[172],"common":[173],"challenging":[175],"settings,":[176],"respectively,":[177],"real-life":[180],"chatting":[181],"scenario.":[182],"Moreover,":[183],"perturbations,":[185],"solely":[186],"trained":[187],"DeepSpeech,":[189],"exhibit":[190],"good":[191],"transferability":[192],"over":[193],"other":[194],"models":[195],"based":[196],"similar":[198],"architecture.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}