{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313591697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2022.3233703","title":"Attack Hypotheses Generation Based on Threat Intelligence Knowledge Graph","display_name":"Attack Hypotheses Generation Based on Threat Intelligence Knowledge Graph","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313591697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2022.3233703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2022.3233703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2022.3233703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101905440","display_name":"Florian Klaus Kaiser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-4306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Florian Klaus Kaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Industrial Production (IIP), Competence Center for Applied Security Technology and Institute of Information Security and Dependability (KASTEL), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Industrial Production (IIP), Competence Center for Applied Security Technology and Institute of Information Security and Dependability (KASTEL), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088301320","display_name":"Uriel Dardik","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uriel Dardik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber@BGU, Beersheba, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber@BGU, Beersheba, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047466123","display_name":"Aviad Elitzur","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aviad Elitzur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber@BGU, Beersheba, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber@BGU, Beersheba, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043076461","display_name":"Polina Zilberman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3593-7330"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Polina Zilberman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber@BGU, Beersheba, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3593-7330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber@BGU, Beersheba, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026549568","display_name":"Nir Daniel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5310-2324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nir Daniel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber@BGU, Beersheba, Israel","Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5310-2324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber@BGU, Beersheba, Israel","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056370001","display_name":"Marcus Wiens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-3508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61893789","display_name":"TU Bergakademie Freiberg","ror":"https://ror.org/031vc2293","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61893789"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus Wiens","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany","Competence Center for Applied Security Technology and Institute of Information Security and Dependability (KASTEL), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61893789"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Competence Center for Applied Security Technology and Institute of Information Security and Dependability (KASTEL), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051993448","display_name":"Frank Schultmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6405-9763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Schultmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Industrial Production (IIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany","University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Industrial Production (IIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072913672","display_name":"Yuval Elovici","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9641-128X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuval Elovici","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber@BGU, Beersheba, Israel","Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9641-128X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber@BGU, Beersheba, Israel","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059447087","display_name":"Rami Puzis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7229-3899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rami Puzis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber@BGU, Beersheba, Israel","Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7229-3899","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber@BGU, Beersheba, Israel","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101905440"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2635,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97922339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"6","first_page":"4793","last_page":"4809"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.829421877861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.6381610035896301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-attack","display_name":"Cyber-attack","score":0.532526969909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-traversal","display_name":"Tree traversal","score":0.5151780843734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46452176570892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4623715877532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.460224449634552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45483797788619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threat-model","display_name":"Threat model","score":0.4475803077220917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4320931136608124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attack-model","display_name":"Attack model","score":0.42987293004989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.39404791593551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3502494692802429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.10965406894683838}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.829421877861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.6381610035896301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201307755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4071928","display_name":"Cyber-attack","level":2,"score":0.532526969909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.5151780843734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46452176570892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4623715877532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.460224449634552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45483797788619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.4475803077220917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4320931136608124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65856478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3991682","display_name":"Attack model","level":2,"score":0.42987293004989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.39404791593551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3502494692802429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.10965406894683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2022.3233703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2022.3233703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308533","display_name":"BIRD Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0217khz32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62218527","https://openalex.org/W642715168","https://openalex.org/W1562643504","https://openalex.org/W2004360894","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2026417691","https://openalex.org/W2042281163","https://openalex.org/W2069186598","https://openalex.org/W2123402141","https://openalex.org/W2151643288","https://openalex.org/W2154454189","https://openalex.org/W2494374779","https://openalex.org/W2545820541","https://openalex.org/W2547850071","https://openalex.org/W2563225006","https://openalex.org/W2586235276","https://openalex.org/W2610705082","https://openalex.org/W2624907881","https://openalex.org/W2739424297","https://openalex.org/W2739470728","https://openalex.org/W2756675797","https://openalex.org/W2758108284","https://openalex.org/W2782101021","https://openalex.org/W2783784454","https://openalex.org/W2786385084","https://openalex.org/W2799123556","https://openalex.org/W2843669218","https://openalex.org/W2892774134","https://openalex.org/W2913949296","https://openalex.org/W2937937495","https://openalex.org/W2962703433","https://openalex.org/W2972346000","https://openalex.org/W2978956219","https://openalex.org/W2990619902","https://openalex.org/W2996740343","https://openalex.org/W3008445684","https://openalex.org/W3013946915","https://openalex.org/W3033945962","https://openalex.org/W3036588308","https://openalex.org/W3082972322","https://openalex.org/W3099203541","https://openalex.org/W3198760505","https://openalex.org/W4311839437","https://openalex.org/W6681046083","https://openalex.org/W6734100528","https://openalex.org/W6737316493","https://openalex.org/W6790937267","https://openalex.org/W6944592445","https://openalex.org/W7053032915"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358245908","https://openalex.org/W2143949933","https://openalex.org/W2962870788","https://openalex.org/W1828018529","https://openalex.org/W3011582023","https://openalex.org/W3130770611","https://openalex.org/W4389319510","https://openalex.org/W3035884183","https://openalex.org/W2914662937","https://openalex.org/W2502907510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cyber":[0],"threat":[1,39,63,71],"intelligence":[2,72],"on":[3,96,169],"past":[4],"attacks":[5],"may":[6],"help":[7,178],"with":[8,79,123,146],"attack":[9,20,29,53,185,191],"reconstruction":[10],"and":[11,28,45,101,154,187],"the":[12,15,26,90,129,134,157,170,182,190],"prediction":[13,106],"of":[14,17,25,104,116,120,162,172,184],"course":[16],"an":[18],"ongoing":[19],"by":[21,32,133],"providing":[22],"deeper":[23],"understanding":[24],"tools":[27],"patterns":[30],"used":[31],"attackers.":[33],"Therefore,":[34],"cyber":[35],"security":[36],"analysts":[37,179],"employ":[38],"intelligence,":[40],"alert":[41],"correlations,":[42],"machine":[43],"learning,":[44],"advanced":[46],"visualizations":[47],"in":[48,83],"order":[49],"to":[50,74,108,140,180,188],"produce":[51,141],"sound":[52],"hypotheses.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56],"article,":[57],"we":[58],"present":[59,89],"AttackDB,":[60],"a":[61,102,114,147],"multi-level":[62],"knowledge":[64,97],"base":[65],"that":[66,128],"combines":[67],"data":[68],"from":[69,113],"multiple":[70],"sources":[73],"associate":[75],"high-level":[76],"ATT&CK":[77,111],"techniques":[78,112],"low-level":[80],"telemetry":[81],"found":[82],"behavioral":[84],"malware":[85],"reports.":[86],"We":[87],"also":[88],"Attack":[91,135],"Hypothesis":[92,136],"Generator":[93,137],"which":[94],"relies":[95],"graph":[98],"traversal":[99],"algorithms":[100,131],"variety":[103],"link":[105],"methods":[107],"automatically":[109],"infer":[110],"set":[115],"observable":[117],"artifacts.":[118],"Results":[119],"experiments":[121],"performed":[122],"53K":[124],"VirusTotal":[125],"reports":[126],"indicate":[127],"proposed":[130],"employed":[132],"are":[138],"able":[139],"accurate":[142],"adversarial":[143],"technique":[144],"hypotheses":[145,186],"mean":[148],"average":[149],"precision":[150],"greater":[151],"than":[152],"0.5":[153],"area":[155],"under":[156],"receiver":[158],"operating":[159],"characteristic":[160],"curve":[161],"over":[163],"0.8":[164],"when":[165],"it":[166],"is":[167],"implemented":[168],"basis":[171],"AttackDB.":[173],"The":[174],"presented":[175],"toolkit":[176],"will":[177],"improve":[181],"accuracy":[183],"automate":[189],"hypothesis":[192],"generation":[193],"process.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}