{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312848150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2022.3213824","title":"SofitMix: A Secure Offchain-Supported Bitcoin-Compatible Mixing Protocol","display_name":"SofitMix: A Secure Offchain-Supported Bitcoin-Compatible Mixing Protocol","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312848150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2022.3213824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2022.3213824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2022.3213824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/3c06c007-431d-4396-ad16-47a7b96a65c2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027622695","display_name":"Haomeng Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4310-2672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haomeng Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of ISN, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of ISN, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064693569","display_name":"Shufan Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-6832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shufan Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of ISN, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-6832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of ISN, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078219471","display_name":"Zheng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9697-2108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of ISN, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9697-2108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of ISN, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009050006","display_name":"Yang Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0946-3197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0946-3197","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2919,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96572564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"4311","last_page":"4324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collusion","display_name":"Collusion","score":0.7914271354675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7772718071937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7602166533470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-work-system","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","score":0.6987068057060242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.6976379156112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5908246040344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.49527326226234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.48868897557258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trusted-third-party","display_name":"Trusted third party","score":0.46460527181625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4499894976615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4457717537879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1834220290184021}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q701521","display_name":"Collusion","level":2,"score":0.7914271354675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7772718071937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7602166533470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123436394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7249984","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","level":3,"score":0.6987068057060242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.6976379156112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5908246040344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.49527326226234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.48868897557258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139089976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142273","display_name":"Trusted third party","level":2,"score":0.46460527181625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4499894976615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4457717537879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1834220290184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2022.3213824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2022.3213824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/119528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/3c06c007-431d-4396-ad16-47a7b96a65c2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/119528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/3c06c007-431d-4396-ad16-47a7b96a65c2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3896720349","display_name":"\u96f6\u4fe1\u4efb\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u4fe1\u4efb\u7ba1\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62072351","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G673329116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B16037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69553326","https://openalex.org/W1499934958","https://openalex.org/W1589846406","https://openalex.org/W1844512392","https://openalex.org/W1974997379","https://openalex.org/W1988699025","https://openalex.org/W2038096741","https://openalex.org/W2043007983","https://openalex.org/W2072266282","https://openalex.org/W2103647628","https://openalex.org/W2253140477","https://openalex.org/W2402551606","https://openalex.org/W2495842381","https://openalex.org/W2519202739","https://openalex.org/W2613280320","https://openalex.org/W2613637871","https://openalex.org/W2767101501","https://openalex.org/W2889906277","https://openalex.org/W2900580116","https://openalex.org/W2910891119","https://openalex.org/W2926987861","https://openalex.org/W3031720222","https://openalex.org/W3037512809","https://openalex.org/W3081305827","https://openalex.org/W3098532907","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6638711193","https://openalex.org/W6723624725","https://openalex.org/W6757927934","https://openalex.org/W6779307057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3124704903","https://openalex.org/W2085964960","https://openalex.org/W4224304430","https://openalex.org/W4285133732","https://openalex.org/W4237285437","https://openalex.org/W2913682208","https://openalex.org/W4226032731","https://openalex.org/W2909288616","https://openalex.org/W4241097117","https://openalex.org/W4288303252"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Privacy":[0],"preservation":[1],"is":[2,88],"highly":[3],"expected":[4],"in":[5,65,115],"the":[6,36,78,89,98,102,134],"Bitcoin":[7,79],"Network.":[8],"However,":[9],"only":[10],"applying":[11],"pseudonyms":[12],"cannot":[13],"completely":[14],"ensure":[15],"anonymity/unlinkability":[16],"between":[17],"payers":[18,123],"and":[19,53,56,61,101,129,146,156,167],"payees.":[20],"Current":[21],"approaches":[22],"mainly":[23],"depend":[24],"on":[25,82,163],"a":[26,66,74,109,116,125,149],"mixer":[27,37],"service,":[28],"which":[29],"obfuscates":[30],"payer-payee":[31],"relationships":[32],"of":[33,111],"transactions.":[34],"While":[35],"service":[38],"improves":[39],"transaction":[40],"privacy,":[41],"it":[42],"still":[43],"suffers":[44],"from":[45],"some":[46,122],"severe":[47],"security":[48,132],"threats":[49],"(e.g.,":[50],"DoS":[51,99,168],"attack":[52,100,169],"collusion":[54,103],"attack),":[55],"does":[57],"not":[58],"support":[59,108],"effective":[60],"reliable":[62,117],"off-chain":[63,113,164],"payment":[64,165],"parallel":[67,112],"mode.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"article,":[71],"we":[72,152],"propose":[73],"mixing":[75,91],"protocol":[76,92],"for":[77],"Network":[80],"based":[81],"zero-knowledge":[83],"proof,":[84],"called":[85],"SofitMix.":[86],"It":[87,105],"first":[90],"that":[93],"can":[94,106],"effectively":[95],"resist":[96],"both":[97],"attack.":[104],"also":[107,159],"set":[110],"payments":[114],"way":[118],"no":[119],"matter":[120],"whether":[121],"abort":[124],"transaction.":[126],"We":[127,158],"analyze":[128],"prove":[130],"SofitMix":[131],"following":[133],"Universal":[135],"Composability":[136],"model":[137],"with":[138],"regard":[139],"to":[140,172],"fair":[141],"exchange,":[142],"unlinkability,":[143],"collusion-resistance,":[144],"DoS-resistance":[145],"Sybil-resistance.":[147],"Through":[148],"proof-of-concept":[150],"implementation,":[151],"demonstrate":[153],"its":[154,161],"validity":[155],"fairness.":[157],"show":[160],"advance":[162],"reliability":[166],"resistance,":[170],"compared":[171],"TumbleBit.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}