{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312549091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2022.3211955","title":"Cure-GNN: A Robust Curvature-Enhanced Graph Neural Network Against Adversarial Attacks","display_name":"Cure-GNN: A Robust Curvature-Enhanced Graph Neural Network Against Adversarial Attacks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312549091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2022.3211955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2022.3211955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2022.3211955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088570801","display_name":"Yang Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1410-0486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering and the State Key Lab of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1410-0486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering and the State Key Lab of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090998585","display_name":"Zhuolin Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuolin Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Company Limited, Tencent building, Keji Zhongyi Road, high tech Zone, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Company Limited, Tencent building, Keji Zhongyi Road, high tech Zone, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008787905","display_name":"Alex X. Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6916-1326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142748","display_name":"Shandong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y8d6y55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex X. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks and Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan) of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6916-1326","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks and Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan) of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028486493","display_name":"Lei Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3378-7201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3378-7201","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101845665","display_name":"Qingqi Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7614-1422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingqi Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7614-1422","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052731721","display_name":"Lina Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4149-839X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lina Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4149-839X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4092,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84431193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"4214","last_page":"4229"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7287648916244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7028365135192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curvature","display_name":"Curvature","score":0.5263599157333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.45325547456741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.43679916858673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40444061160087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.39330652356147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11563435196876526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7287648916244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7028365135192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195065555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881","display_name":"Curvature","level":2,"score":0.5263599157333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.45325547456741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.43679916858673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40444061160087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39330652356147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11563435196876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2022.3211955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2022.3211955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5480970785","display_name":"\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u9ad8\u901f\u4e14\u53ef\u8bc1\u660e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61872082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5605848857","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61472184","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8292956318","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62132013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G974890239","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102295","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968781546","https://openalex.org/W2000124739","https://openalex.org/W2022322548","https://openalex.org/W2087667141","https://openalex.org/W2135874888","https://openalex.org/W2152284345","https://openalex.org/W2153959628","https://openalex.org/W2162630660","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2492695942","https://openalex.org/W2494048195","https://openalex.org/W2786016794","https://openalex.org/W2803831897","https://openalex.org/W2807021761","https://openalex.org/W2891096760","https://openalex.org/W2914953695","https://openalex.org/W2949208225","https://openalex.org/W2964321699","https://openalex.org/W2964583308","https://openalex.org/W2965806703","https://openalex.org/W2984488829","https://openalex.org/W2998122931","https://openalex.org/W3011667710","https://openalex.org/W3031489816","https://openalex.org/W3081203761","https://openalex.org/W3088993044","https://openalex.org/W3098276446","https://openalex.org/W3100848837","https://openalex.org/W3101158652","https://openalex.org/W3124962940","https://openalex.org/W3135497857","https://openalex.org/W3160274714","https://openalex.org/W3183881215","https://openalex.org/W4233762729","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6736685754","https://openalex.org/W6738958611","https://openalex.org/W6741832134","https://openalex.org/W6745537798","https://openalex.org/W6767121309","https://openalex.org/W6767288045","https://openalex.org/W6767526851","https://openalex.org/W6771709057","https://openalex.org/W6780093097"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4310988119","https://openalex.org/W4285226279","https://openalex.org/W4288019534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graph":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(GNNs)":[3],"are":[4,29,48,58,70],"a":[5,63,80,92,136,172],"specialized":[6],"type":[7],"of":[8,27,40,43,54,106,127,188],"deep":[9],"learning":[10,15,174],"models":[11],"on":[12,181],"graphs":[13],"by":[14,32,61,95,171],"aggregations":[16],"over":[17,178],"neighbor":[18],"nodes.":[19],"However,":[20],"recent":[21],"studies":[22],"reveal":[23],"that":[24],"the":[25,38,52,97,104,118,124,152,167,186,194],"performance":[26],"GNNs":[28,41,74],"severely":[30],"deteriorated":[31],"injecting":[33],"adversarial":[34,59,77,128,148,155],"examples.":[35],"Hence,":[36],"improving":[37],"robustness":[39],"is":[42,142],"significant":[44],"importance.":[45],"Prior":[46],"works":[47],"devoted":[49],"to":[50,144,193],"reducing":[51],"influence":[53],"direct":[55,108],"adversaries":[56],"which":[57,101],"attacks":[60,78,129],"positioning":[62],"node's":[64,81],"one-hop":[65],"neighbors,":[66],"yet":[67],"these":[68],"approaches":[69],"limited":[71],"in":[72,117],"protecting":[73],"from":[75,91,112],"indirect":[76,110],"within":[79],"multi-hop":[82],"neighbors.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85,89],"work,":[86],"we":[87],"approach":[88],"problem":[90],"new":[93],"angle":[94],"exploring":[96],"graph":[98,131],"Ricci":[99,132],"curvature,":[100,162],"can":[102],"characterize":[103],"relationships":[105],"both":[107],"and":[109,146,157,163,190],"links":[111],"any":[113],"two":[114],"nodes\u2019":[115],"neighborhoods":[116],"Riemannian":[119],"space.":[120],"We":[121],"first":[122],"investigate":[123],"distinguishable":[125],"properties":[126],"with":[130],"curvature":[133],"distribution.":[134],"Then,":[135],"novel":[137],"defense":[138],"framework":[139],"called":[140],"Cure-GNN":[141,150,189],"proposed":[143],"detect":[145],"mitigate":[147],"effects.":[149],"discerns":[151],"distinction":[153],"between":[154],"edges":[156,159],"normal":[158],"via":[160],"computing":[161],"merges":[164],"it":[165],"into":[166],"node":[168,182],"features":[169],"reconstructed":[170],"residual":[173],"framework.":[175],"Extensive":[176],"experiments":[177],"real-world":[179],"datasets":[180],"classification":[183],"task":[184],"demonstrate":[185],"efficacy":[187],"achieves":[191],"superiority":[192],"state-of-the-arts":[195],"without":[196],"incurring":[197],"high":[198],"complexity.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
