{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293197693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2022.3198934","title":"An Escalated Eavesdropping Attack on Mobile Devices via Low-Resolution Vibration Signals","display_name":"An Escalated Eavesdropping Attack on Mobile Devices via Low-Resolution Vibration Signals","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293197693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2022.3198934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2022.3198934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2022.3198934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045029098","display_name":"Yunji Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8381-8187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunji Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8381-8187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087507794","display_name":"Yuchen Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350207","display_name":"Qi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3294-2858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3294-2858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071790734","display_name":"Xiaokai Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8139-2231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaokai Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117217082","display_name":"Luwen Huangfu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-7901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luwen Huangfu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fowler College of Business (FCB), San Diego, CA, USA","Center for Human Dynamics in the Mobile Age (HDMA), San Diego State University (SDSU), San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-7901","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fowler College of Business (FCB), San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Human Dynamics in the Mobile Age (HDMA), San Diego State University (SDSU), San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038811607","display_name":"Sagar Samtani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4513-805X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sagar Samtani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4513-805X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078005520","display_name":"Bin Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-2467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-2467","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100701166","display_name":"Zhiwen Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9905-3238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwen Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9905-3238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56218073,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"3037","last_page":"3050"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.798673152923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.7321555614471436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.664872944355011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permission","display_name":"Permission","score":0.4810190796852112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.44902926683425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4416095018386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3774983286857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34188735485076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.18906211853027344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.798673152923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.7321555614471436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.664872944355011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779089604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169333","display_name":"Permission","level":2,"score":0.4810190796852112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.44902926683425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4416095018386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3774983286857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34188735485076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18906211853027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2022.3198934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2022.3198934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2154641847","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31020180QD140","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6500904850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025621754","https://openalex.org/W2030266057","https://openalex.org/W2090354597","https://openalex.org/W2099875378","https://openalex.org/W2100947383","https://openalex.org/W2107860279","https://openalex.org/W2124332756","https://openalex.org/W2128368067","https://openalex.org/W2160473997","https://openalex.org/W2606800752","https://openalex.org/W2748191214","https://openalex.org/W2766335005","https://openalex.org/W2911132314","https://openalex.org/W2953297989","https://openalex.org/W2964243274","https://openalex.org/W2968183237","https://openalex.org/W2975266205","https://openalex.org/W2980498517","https://openalex.org/W2982605490","https://openalex.org/W3007498683","https://openalex.org/W3016008406","https://openalex.org/W3087859191","https://openalex.org/W3088502444","https://openalex.org/W3090484329","https://openalex.org/W3090548581","https://openalex.org/W3112366810","https://openalex.org/W3112467725","https://openalex.org/W3144035034","https://openalex.org/W3174249117","https://openalex.org/W3198869563","https://openalex.org/W3205415639","https://openalex.org/W4300824008","https://openalex.org/W6628376663","https://openalex.org/W6741832134","https://openalex.org/W6765987481","https://openalex.org/W6766930240","https://openalex.org/W6767111847","https://openalex.org/W6783867762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2980402777","https://openalex.org/W3007498683","https://openalex.org/W3088502444","https://openalex.org/W4288057735","https://openalex.org/W2162986499","https://openalex.org/W2110001513","https://openalex.org/W2103453625","https://openalex.org/W175283455","https://openalex.org/W2952023225","https://openalex.org/W4288061958"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,131,134,145,151,176,180,198,207,215,222],"global":[2],"prevalence":[3],"of":[4,30,56,92,178,212,218,224],"mobile":[5,9,25],"devices,":[6],"concerns":[7],"about":[8],"devices":[10],"regarding":[11],"privacy":[12],"breaches":[13,55],"and":[14,37,63,117,155,174,203,214,238],"data":[15,146],"leakage":[16],"are":[17,22],"rising.":[18],"Although":[19],"sensor":[20],"permissions":[21],"required":[23],"for":[24],"applications":[26],"to":[27,71,105,128,149,165],"access":[28],"outputs":[29],"built-in":[31,93],"sensors,":[32],"motion":[33,51,78],"sensors":[34,52,79],"(e.g.,":[35],"accelerometer":[36],"gyroscope)":[38],"can":[39],"be":[40,228],"visited":[41],"directly":[42],"without":[43],"permission":[44],"requirement.":[45],"Extant":[46],"studies":[47],"have":[48],"shown":[49],"that":[50],"may":[53],"cause":[54],"confidential":[57],"information,":[58],"such":[59],"as":[60,113,124],"passwords,":[61],"digits,":[62],"voice-based":[64],"commands,":[65],"but":[66],"whether":[67],"it":[68],"is":[69],"possible":[70],"synthesize":[72],"intelligible":[73,97,167,181],"speech":[74,98,235],"waveforms":[75,99],"from":[76,100,184],"low-resolution":[77,101,135,185],"has":[80],"been":[81],"understudied.":[82],"In":[83,138,220],"this":[84,111],"article,":[85],"we":[86,109,143],"present":[87,156],"an":[88,119],"escalated":[89],"side-channel":[90],"attack":[91],"speakers":[94],"by":[95,230],"synthesizing":[96,179],"vibration":[102,136,187],"signals.":[103,137,188],"Opposite":[104],"traditional":[106],"classification":[107],"problems,":[108],"formulate":[110],"task":[112],"a":[114],"generative":[115],"problem":[116],"introduce":[118,144],"end-to-end":[120],"synthesis":[121,192],"framework":[122],"dubbed":[123],"<italic":[125,139],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[126,140],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">AccMyrinx</i>":[127,141],"eavesdrop":[129],"on":[130],"speaker":[132],"via":[133],",":[142],"alignment":[147],"solution":[148,196],"provide":[150],"pair-wise":[152],"voice-vibration":[153],"sequences":[154],"wavelet-based":[157],"MelGAN":[158],"(WMelGAN)":[159],"with":[160,190,206],"multi-scale":[161],"time-frequency":[162],"domain":[163],"discriminators":[164],"generate":[166],"acoustic":[168,182],"waveforms.":[169],"We":[170],"conducted":[171],"intensive":[172],"experiments":[173],"demonstrated":[175],"feasibility":[177],"signals":[183],"solid-borne":[186],"Compared":[189],"existing":[191],"solutions,":[193],"our":[194],"proposed":[195],"outperforms":[197],"baselines":[199],"in":[200],"both":[201],"subject":[202],"object":[204],"metrics":[205],"smoothed":[208],"word":[209],"error":[210],"rate":[211],"42.67%":[213],"Mel-Cepstral":[216],"distortion":[217],"0.298.":[219],"addition,":[221],"quality":[223],"synthetic":[225],"speeches":[226],"could":[227],"impacted":[229],"several":[231],"factors,":[232],"including":[233],"gender,":[234],"rate,":[236],"volume,":[237],"sampling":[239],"frequency.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}