{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3130918512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2021.3059345","title":"Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Fair Exchange Scheme for V2G Based on Blockchain","display_name":"Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Fair Exchange Scheme for V2G Based on Blockchain","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3130918512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2021.3059345","mag":"3130918512"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2021.3059345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2021.3059345","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043935709","display_name":"Zhiguo Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1319-1224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiguo Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China","Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378797","display_name":"Tong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6689-0259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055167791","display_name":"Weizhuang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weizhuang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101406686","display_name":"Mingqiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9807-3643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100634361","display_name":"Liehuang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-3887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liehuang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043935709"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185","https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3862,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97863067,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"2442","last_page":"2456"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9469000101089478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.928600013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.7707111239433289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7651470899581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.5586644411087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5072317123413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-knowledge-proof","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","score":0.4999568462371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composability","display_name":"Composability","score":0.4627110958099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.4396653473377228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.42592817544937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.42502784729003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4107676148414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.38617056608200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3551452159881592}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.7707111239433289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7651470899581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.5586644411087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5072317123413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176329583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191943","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","level":3,"score":0.4999568462371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778814252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156715","display_name":"Composability","level":2,"score":0.4627110958099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4396653473377228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.42592817544937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.42502784729003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4107676148414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.38617056608200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3551452159881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2021.3059345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2021.3059345","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7819716931","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2020ZD01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G820164604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972229","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8297597222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2019MF007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111114747","https://openalex.org/W179922057","https://openalex.org/W1499934958","https://openalex.org/W1514360972","https://openalex.org/W1639145229","https://openalex.org/W1976060656","https://openalex.org/W2020218923","https://openalex.org/W2020569685","https://openalex.org/W2043007983","https://openalex.org/W2071128014","https://openalex.org/W2083852337","https://openalex.org/W2127004097","https://openalex.org/W2323470945","https://openalex.org/W2415839200","https://openalex.org/W2472488043","https://openalex.org/W2510075946","https://openalex.org/W2517744317","https://openalex.org/W2531399364","https://openalex.org/W2536137494","https://openalex.org/W2596351484","https://openalex.org/W2777447168","https://openalex.org/W2790257806","https://openalex.org/W2801576183","https://openalex.org/W2805690413","https://openalex.org/W2907742243","https://openalex.org/W2924253807","https://openalex.org/W2969462307","https://openalex.org/W2978282230","https://openalex.org/W2979788638","https://openalex.org/W2984674716","https://openalex.org/W2999379079","https://openalex.org/W3046809616","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6628297953","https://openalex.org/W6768415072","https://openalex.org/W6773285724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3122124622","https://openalex.org/W2894961251","https://openalex.org/W3150062897","https://openalex.org/W4377970296","https://openalex.org/W4206573979","https://openalex.org/W2883241465","https://openalex.org/W4226450231","https://openalex.org/W4212911204","https://openalex.org/W2974298552","https://openalex.org/W4312863304"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,5,15,27,40,77,97,133,185],"fast":[2],"development":[3,25],"of":[4,22,26,82,159,177],"electric":[6],"vehicle":[7],"(EV)":[8],"technology,":[9,31],"EVs":[10,23,38,50],"are":[11],"expected":[12],"to":[13,44,138,153],"be":[14],"mainstream":[16],"in":[17,157,174,194],"future.":[18],"The":[19,165],"large":[20],"number":[21],"facilitate":[24],"emerging":[28],"vehicle-to-grid":[29],"(V2G)":[30],"which":[32,118],"realizes":[33],"two-way":[34],"electricity":[35],"flows":[36],"between":[37],"and":[39,47,101,112,149,162,184],"power":[41],"grid.":[42],"How":[43],"achieve":[45],"fairness":[46],"privacy":[48,120],"for":[49,58,73,105,121],"during":[51],"electricity/service":[52],"exchanges":[53],"remains":[54],"a":[55,65,90,102,110,128,195],"challenging":[56],"problem":[57],"V2G.":[59,106],"In":[60],"this":[61],"article,":[62],"we":[63,146],"propose":[64,109],"privacy-preserving":[66,103],"fair":[67,91],"exchange":[68,92],"scheme":[69,115],"<italic":[70],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[71],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">V2GEx</i>":[72],"V2G":[74],"based":[75,95],"on":[76,96],"blockchain.":[78],"V2GEx":[79,148,170,178],"is":[80,171,190],"composed":[81],"an":[83],"extended":[84],"blockchain":[85,197],"that":[86,169,175],"supports":[87],"zero-knowledge":[88],"funds,":[89],"smart":[93],"contract":[94],"hashchain":[98],"micropayment":[99],"mechanism,":[100],"protocol":[104],"We":[107,125],"further":[108],"simpler":[111],"more":[113],"efficient":[114,173],"called":[116],"Uni-V2GEx,":[117],"preserves":[119],"only":[122,181],"one":[123],"party.":[124],"also":[126],"provide":[127],"rigorous":[129],"security":[130],"proof":[131],"under":[132],"universal":[134],"composability":[135],"(UC)":[136],"model":[137],"prove":[139],"V2GEx's":[140],"security.":[141],"To":[142],"evaluate":[143],"its":[144,155],"efficiency,":[145],"implement":[147],"conduct":[150],"comprehensive":[151],"experiments":[152],"test":[154],"performance":[156],"terms":[158],"computation":[160],"cost":[161],"processing":[163,188],"delay.":[164],"experiment":[166],"results":[167],"show":[168],"highly":[172],"verification":[176],"transactions":[179],"costs":[180],"20":[182],"ms":[183],"average":[186],"transaction":[187],"latency":[189],"around":[191],"6":[192],"seconds":[193],"200-node":[196],"network.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
