{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3100821813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2020.3037784","title":"LAW: Learning Automatic Windows for Online Payment Fraud Detection","display_name":"LAW: Learning Automatic Windows for Online Payment Fraud Detection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3100821813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2020.3037784","mag":"3100821813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2020.3037784","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2020.3037784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100417007","display_name":"Cheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4752-0316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Jiading District, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Jiading District, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102623845","display_name":"Changqi Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Jiading District, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Jiading District, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054508795","display_name":"Hangyu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7221-9130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hangyu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Jiading District, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Jiading District, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068953117","display_name":"Jipeng Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5066-8349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jipeng Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Jiading District, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Jiading District, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2164,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90512367,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8414350748062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.6526097059249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6046501398086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.581504762172699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sliding-window-protocol","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","score":0.5328564643859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.4384796917438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.4338427782058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4260690212249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4218530058860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41272178292274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1586521565914154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.1496245563030243}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8414350748062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.6526097059249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6046501398086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.581504762172699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102392041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592860","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","level":3,"score":0.5328564643859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.4384796917438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4338427782058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4260690212249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4218530058860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41272178292274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1586521565914154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.1496245563030243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2020.3037784","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2020.3037784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1754873590","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u7ebf\u4e0a\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5408\u6210\u884c\u4e3a\u5efa\u6a21\u53ca\u6027\u80fd\u57fa\u672c\u6781\u9650\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972287","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517113043","https://openalex.org/W1602011302","https://openalex.org/W1910034139","https://openalex.org/W1966493433","https://openalex.org/W2022775778","https://openalex.org/W2023413531","https://openalex.org/W2059695243","https://openalex.org/W2068462258","https://openalex.org/W2089046812","https://openalex.org/W2090333267","https://openalex.org/W2099419573","https://openalex.org/W2101407487","https://openalex.org/W2105942355","https://openalex.org/W2108008261","https://openalex.org/W2131809848","https://openalex.org/W2155743899","https://openalex.org/W2164636053","https://openalex.org/W2230049528","https://openalex.org/W2237938520","https://openalex.org/W2250918423","https://openalex.org/W2324464293","https://openalex.org/W2512831117","https://openalex.org/W2525596522","https://openalex.org/W2552544550","https://openalex.org/W2571178338","https://openalex.org/W2591830932","https://openalex.org/W2607683755","https://openalex.org/W2730363704","https://openalex.org/W2756359217","https://openalex.org/W2765227388","https://openalex.org/W2767782829","https://openalex.org/W2786577118","https://openalex.org/W2789081542","https://openalex.org/W2789419008","https://openalex.org/W2792661064","https://openalex.org/W2794604966","https://openalex.org/W2795064858","https://openalex.org/W2806534322","https://openalex.org/W2808857778","https://openalex.org/W2809214597","https://openalex.org/W2884266921","https://openalex.org/W2886330306","https://openalex.org/W2889403065","https://openalex.org/W2889440651","https://openalex.org/W2891766893","https://openalex.org/W2893893598","https://openalex.org/W2901589432","https://openalex.org/W2914166707","https://openalex.org/W2952468026","https://openalex.org/W2963931490","https://openalex.org/W2972156159","https://openalex.org/W2979743032","https://openalex.org/W2982335278","https://openalex.org/W3012650537","https://openalex.org/W3023056190","https://openalex.org/W4255466416","https://openalex.org/W6640188951","https://openalex.org/W6667614192","https://openalex.org/W6675248775","https://openalex.org/W6689737504","https://openalex.org/W6691611449","https://openalex.org/W6748663973","https://openalex.org/W6764354193","https://openalex.org/W6768981269"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357124094","https://openalex.org/W2387399993","https://openalex.org/W2389739210","https://openalex.org/W2348924972","https://openalex.org/W2365736347","https://openalex.org/W2047454415","https://openalex.org/W2070040999","https://openalex.org/W3014558862","https://openalex.org/W2059272164","https://openalex.org/W4387389211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"development":[2],"of":[3,38,88,115,163,189,204,215,228,232,240,258],"internet":[4],"finance":[5],"has":[6],"caused":[7],"increasing":[8],"concern":[9],"in":[10,44,78,101,230,263],"online":[11,147,217],"payment":[12,148,218],"fraud":[13,255],"due":[14],"to":[15,22,30,109,122,144,184,199,248],"its":[16,260],"great":[17],"threat.":[18],"It":[19,179],"is":[20,52,92,132,244],"typical":[21],"employ":[23],"rule":[24],"systems":[25],"or":[26],"machine":[27],"learning-based":[28],"techniques":[29],"detect":[31,145],"frauds.":[32],"For":[33],"the":[34,48,67,74,85,98,117,161,167,181,186,200,209,216,226,238,245],"most":[35],"significant":[36],"features":[37,65],"such":[39],"fraudulent":[40,146,205],"transactions":[41,149],"are":[42,105],"exhibited":[43],"a":[45,53,61,94,113,212,221,250],"sequential":[46],"form,":[47],"sliding":[49,62,89,152,251],"time":[50,63,90,153,190,252],"window":[51,91,177,253],"widely-recognized":[54],"effective":[55],"tool":[56],"for":[57,254],"this":[58,136,243],"problem.":[59],"With":[60],"window,":[64,173],"about":[66],"transaction":[68,79,99,206],"characteristics":[69],"can":[70,81],"be":[71,82,110,123],"extracted,":[72],"and":[73,125,165,192,196,202,235],"latent":[75],"patterns":[76,100],"hidden":[77],"records":[80],"captured.":[83,111],"However,":[84],"adaptive":[86,141],"setting":[87,119,162],"really":[93],"big":[95],"challenge,":[96],"since":[97],"real-life":[102],"application":[103],"scenarios":[104],"often":[106],"too":[107],"elusive":[108],"As":[112],"matter":[114],"fact,":[116],"practical":[118],"usually":[120],"needs":[121],"updated":[124],"refined":[126],"with":[127,150],"manual":[128],"intervention":[129],"regularly.":[130],"This":[131],"time-consuming":[133],"indeed.":[134],"In":[135],"article,":[137],"we":[138,156,224],"pursue":[139],"an":[140,171],"learning":[142,175,182,259],"approach":[143],"automatic":[151,176],"windows.":[154],"Accordingly,":[155],"make":[157,249],"efforts":[158],"on":[159],"optimizing":[160],"windows":[164,191],"improving":[166],"adaptability.":[168],"We":[169],"design":[170],"intelligent":[172],"called":[174],"(LAW).":[178],"utilizes":[180],"automata":[183],"learn":[185],"proper":[187,261],"parameters":[188],"adjust":[193],"them":[194],"dynamically":[195],"regularly":[197],"according":[198],"variation":[201],"oscillation":[203],"patterns.":[207],"By":[208],"experiments":[210],"over":[211],"real-world":[213],"dataset":[214],"service":[219],"from":[220],"commercial":[222],"bank,":[223],"validate":[225],"gain":[227],"LAW":[229],"terms":[231],"detection":[233,256],"effectiveness":[234],"robustness.":[236],"To":[237],"best":[239],"our":[241],"knowledge,":[242],"first":[246],"work":[247],"capable":[257],"size":[262],"changing":[264],"situations.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}