{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998073776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2019.2962672","title":"Adaptive Steganalysis Based on Statistical Model of Quantized DCT Coefficients for JPEG Images","display_name":"Adaptive Steganalysis Based on Statistical Model of Quantized DCT Coefficients for JPEG Images","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998073776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2019.2962672","mag":"2998073776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2019.2962672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2019.2962672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069460515","display_name":"Tong Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4912-2132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091712","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00b3j7936","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091712"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tong Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou Science and Technology Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou Science and Technology Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090509213","display_name":"Xiangyang Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3225-4649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091712","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00b3j7936","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou Science and Technology Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou Science and Technology Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058850746","display_name":"Ting Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-1934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041210918","display_name":"Ming Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9332-5258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054324316","display_name":"Zhenxing Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1622-0561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenxing Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics and Systems, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics and Systems, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069460515"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091712","https://openalex.org/I50760025"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9232,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89438543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"2736","last_page":"2751"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganalysis","display_name":"Steganalysis","score":0.9282006025314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7285836935043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.7212700843811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.7139822840690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jpeg","display_name":"JPEG","score":0.6791267395019531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.6076383590698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.552377462387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5301241278648376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.512103796005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.4859996736049652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.43419817090034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4109347462654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35842281579971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.1837519109249115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10228922963142395}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107368093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448176","display_name":"Steganalysis","level":4,"score":0.9282006025314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7285836935043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.7212700843811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.7139822840690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198751489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2195","display_name":"JPEG","level":3,"score":0.6791267395019531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.6076383590698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.552377462387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5301241278648376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.512103796005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.4859996736049652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.43419817090034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4109347462654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35842281579971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.1837519109249115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10228922963142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2019.2962672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2019.2962672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3291271152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1804263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3330944207","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1536108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4146060188","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016QY01W0105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G546264426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1636219","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7118790729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018JR0018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329889","funder_display_name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Innovation Talent Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7805760071","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702150","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8155620098","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1736213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8653408040","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0801303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329889","display_name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Innovation Talent Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22271197","https://openalex.org/W29803638","https://openalex.org/W1663899164","https://openalex.org/W1704793680","https://openalex.org/W1955882805","https://openalex.org/W1969171557","https://openalex.org/W1973466159","https://openalex.org/W1973941018","https://openalex.org/W1988134477","https://openalex.org/W2009130368","https://openalex.org/W2018527949","https://openalex.org/W2027272619","https://openalex.org/W2031466562","https://openalex.org/W2037956730","https://openalex.org/W2040953223","https://openalex.org/W2055625960","https://openalex.org/W2064039105","https://openalex.org/W2068740952","https://openalex.org/W2071451750","https://openalex.org/W2092586622","https://openalex.org/W2100836243","https://openalex.org/W2102416023","https://openalex.org/W2105938019","https://openalex.org/W2106663508","https://openalex.org/W2113214070","https://openalex.org/W2124664712","https://openalex.org/W2127295759","https://openalex.org/W2137040818","https://openalex.org/W2138222530","https://openalex.org/W2143674916","https://openalex.org/W2153039987","https://openalex.org/W2154026545","https://openalex.org/W2155447586","https://openalex.org/W2158383180","https://openalex.org/W2170311913","https://openalex.org/W2170598445","https://openalex.org/W2277839806","https://openalex.org/W2539782905","https://openalex.org/W2542290803","https://openalex.org/W2621048556","https://openalex.org/W2739185626","https://openalex.org/W2793291280","https://openalex.org/W2889107560","https://openalex.org/W4253000688","https://openalex.org/W6642145819"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4243922849","https://openalex.org/W2939392096","https://openalex.org/W2148973528","https://openalex.org/W2930153478","https://openalex.org/W2106726851","https://openalex.org/W2160587766","https://openalex.org/W2241212938","https://openalex.org/W2357125417","https://openalex.org/W1529294424","https://openalex.org/W1966340347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"current":[1],"steganalysis,":[2],"relying":[3,87],"on":[4,21,76,88,110],"a":[5,25],"large":[6],"scale":[7],"of":[8,24,52,60,69,84,91,107,113,144,171,192],"samples,":[9],"widely-adopted":[10],"supervised":[11],"schemes":[12,157],"require":[13],"the":[14,22,35,58,66,70,77,82,85,89,92,105,111,119,134,142,145,159,162,166],"training":[15],"stage":[16],"while":[17],"few":[18],"studies":[19],"focus":[20],"design":[23],"training-free":[26],"unsupervised":[27],"adaptive":[28,40,121,175],"detector":[29,43,86,176],"with":[30,57,158],"high":[31,180],"efficiency.":[32],"To":[33],"fill":[34],"gap,":[36],"we":[37,64,79],"investigate":[38],"an":[39],"statistical":[41,71,93,122],"model-based":[42,72,123],"designed":[44],"for":[45,116],"detecting":[46,130,150],"JPEG":[47,131,151],"steganography.":[48],"First,":[49],"in":[50],"virtue":[51],"hypothesis":[53],"testing":[54],"theory,":[55],"together":[56],"distribution":[59],"quantized":[61],"DCT":[62,117],"coefficients,":[63],"establish":[65],"general":[67],"framework":[68],"detector.":[73,194],"Second,":[74],"based":[75,109],"framework,":[78],"mainly":[80],"analyze":[81],"performance":[83],"selection":[90],"model,":[94],"parameters":[95],"estimation,":[96],"and":[97,183],"less":[98],"significant":[99],"payload":[100],"prediction.":[101],"Third,":[102],"to":[103,127],"improve":[104],"reliability":[106],"detection,":[108],"strategy":[112],"assigning":[114],"weights":[115],"channels,":[118],"novel":[120],"detectors":[124],"are":[125,187],"proposed":[126,146,173],"aim":[128],"at":[129],"steganography,":[132],"involving":[133],"channel-selected":[135],"or":[136],"non-channel-selected":[137],"algorithm.":[138],"Extensive":[139],"experiments":[140],"highlight":[141],"effectiveness":[143],"methodology.":[147],"Moreover,":[148],"when":[149],"images":[152],"adopted":[153],"by":[154],"two":[155],"steganographic":[156],"small":[160],"payload,":[161],"experimental":[163],"results":[164],"show":[165],"Area":[167],"Under":[168],"Curve":[169],"(AUC)":[170],"our":[172],"optimal":[174],"can":[177],"achieve":[178],"as":[179,181],"0.9567":[182],"0.9895":[184],"respectively,":[185],"which":[186],"both":[188],"better":[189],"than":[190],"that":[191],"non-adaptive":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
