{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2993716719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2019.2957787","title":"Resilient User-Side Android Application Repackaging and Tampering Detection Using Cryptographically Obfuscated Logic Bombs","display_name":"Resilient User-Side Android Application Repackaging and Tampering Detection Using Cryptographically Obfuscated Logic Bombs","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2993716719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2019.2957787","mag":"2993716719"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2019.2957787","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2019.2957787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102018601","display_name":"Qiang Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9432-6017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067262852","display_name":"Lannan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2476-7831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lannan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2476-7831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022038961","display_name":"Zhiyun Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1506-2522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyun Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1506-2522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060514022","display_name":"Xiaojiang Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4235-9671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84392919","display_name":"Temple University","ror":"https://ror.org/00kx1jb78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojiang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4235-9671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036786337","display_name":"Zhoujun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9603-9713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhoujun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9603-9713","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056673342","display_name":"Chin\u2010Tser Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3983-972X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin-Tser Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3983-972X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059899524","display_name":"Csilla Farkas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6848-1790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Csilla Farkas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102018601"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8361,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86496195,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"2582","last_page":"2600"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7797918319702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commit","display_name":"Commit","score":0.6661282777786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.6462539434432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.6349074840545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5041946172714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4528173506259918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.33116158843040466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3116391897201538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.2166474163532257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7797918319702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.6661282777786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.6462539434432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.6349074840545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5041946172714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4528173506259918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.33116158843040466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3116391897201538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2166474163532257}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2019.2957787","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2019.2957787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2646042081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1856380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3168015184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1850278","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5880008509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1828363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8767132948","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1815144","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":118,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34283345","https://openalex.org/W90935590","https://openalex.org/W101604734","https://openalex.org/W109909280","https://openalex.org/W110636400","https://openalex.org/W151347844","https://openalex.org/W170652726","https://openalex.org/W183494281","https://openalex.org/W191656338","https://openalex.org/W199976391","https://openalex.org/W1220317179","https://openalex.org/W1515180657","https://openalex.org/W1515664404","https://openalex.org/W1522939654","https://openalex.org/W1538510258","https://openalex.org/W1544837488","https://openalex.org/W1567046609","https://openalex.org/W1578479379","https://openalex.org/W1580417272","https://openalex.org/W1586367466","https://openalex.org/W1625590791","https://openalex.org/W1718337629","https://openalex.org/W1892063863","https://openalex.org/W1946046723","https://openalex.org/W1953268564","https://openalex.org/W1971497680","https://openalex.org/W1976596267","https://openalex.org/W1990649188","https://openalex.org/W1990698892","https://openalex.org/W1994931937","https://openalex.org/W2002083372","https://openalex.org/W2007857904","https://openalex.org/W2013856010","https://openalex.org/W2019814385","https://openalex.org/W2024170198","https://openalex.org/W2041276426","https://openalex.org/W2051582601","https://openalex.org/W2051912542","https://openalex.org/W2056388267","https://openalex.org/W2057503103","https://openalex.org/W2060537671","https://openalex.org/W2064038877","https://openalex.org/W2064776901","https://openalex.org/W2066234652","https://openalex.org/W2068025885","https://openalex.org/W2068583268","https://openalex.org/W2072426153","https://openalex.org/W2082300114","https://openalex.org/W2084939909","https://openalex.org/W2088479623","https://openalex.org/W2090846184","https://openalex.org/W2096196901","https://openalex.org/W2096921767","https://openalex.org/W2099525266","https://openalex.org/W2101077503","https://openalex.org/W2101800210","https://openalex.org/W2104495462","https://openalex.org/W2104910275","https://openalex.org/W2108104525","https://openalex.org/W2110978214","https://openalex.org/W2111525908","https://openalex.org/W2117030266","https://openalex.org/W2119746900","https://openalex.org/W2120297918","https://openalex.org/W2122672392","https://openalex.org/W2124659400","https://openalex.org/W2125011234","https://openalex.org/W2140679274","https://openalex.org/W2144882558","https://openalex.org/W2145083214","https://openalex.org/W2150423842","https://openalex.org/W2151099659","https://openalex.org/W2154871153","https://openalex.org/W2160909485","https://openalex.org/W2161022751","https://openalex.org/W2166561215","https://openalex.org/W2186280426","https://openalex.org/W2243437504","https://openalex.org/W2291051231","https://openalex.org/W2311576956","https://openalex.org/W2363641085","https://openalex.org/W2489796857","https://openalex.org/W2518060702","https://openalex.org/W2519011846","https://openalex.org/W2528795537","https://openalex.org/W2574017551","https://openalex.org/W2574928120","https://openalex.org/W2577540292","https://openalex.org/W2596179659","https://openalex.org/W2613948935","https://openalex.org/W2626301739","https://openalex.org/W2626966626","https://openalex.org/W2733553512","https://openalex.org/W2752485287","https://openalex.org/W2791171964","https://openalex.org/W2792646758","https://openalex.org/W3160978791","https://openalex.org/W4243037076","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6601395417","https://openalex.org/W6604490274","https://openalex.org/W6607000312","https://openalex.org/W6628072596","https://openalex.org/W6631222091","https://openalex.org/W6634033044","https://openalex.org/W6634934108","https://openalex.org/W6637634272","https://openalex.org/W6640731236","https://openalex.org/W6677743974","https://openalex.org/W6681374200","https://openalex.org/W6682777827","https://openalex.org/W6686924642","https://openalex.org/W6696609992","https://openalex.org/W6698312501","https://openalex.org/W6731796116","https://openalex.org/W6743526133","https://openalex.org/W6749604645","https://openalex.org/W7047602530"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142145056","https://openalex.org/W4320925523","https://openalex.org/W4366249425","https://openalex.org/W2805843504","https://openalex.org/W2566239973","https://openalex.org/W2902133387","https://openalex.org/W2900235625","https://openalex.org/W2053293719","https://openalex.org/W2972753993","https://openalex.org/W2795052090"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Application":[0],"repackaging":[1,38,89,103,313,342],"is":[2,22,113,184,193,199,217,240,253,361],"a":[3,60,105,128,164,234,285,333],"severe":[4],"threat":[5],"to":[6,46,53,68,77,81,101,115,153,209,259,295,312,320,366,383],"Android":[7],"users":[8],"and":[9,160,236,245,271,343,353,364,377],"the":[10,26,64,70,87,117,155,158,170,177,187,197,211,214,222,228,238,243,251,263,268,273,276,302,308,354,359,384],"market.":[11],"Not":[12],"only":[13,195,247],"does":[14],"it":[15,21],"infringe":[16],"on":[17,40,59,169,176],"intellectual":[18],"property,":[19],"but":[20,72],"also":[23,390],"one":[24],"of":[25,30,131,149,186,386],"most":[27],"common":[28],"ways":[29],"propagating":[31],"mobile":[32],"malware.":[33,143],"Existing":[34],"countermeasures":[35],"mostly":[36],"detect":[37,102],"based":[39],"app":[41,66,74,225,244,269],"similarity":[42],"measurement,":[43],"which":[44,137,183],"tends":[45],"be":[47,174,248,279,296],"imprecise":[48],"when":[49,250],"obfuscations":[50],"are":[51,98,138,151,389],"applied":[52],"repackaged":[54,328],"apps.":[55,329],"Moreover,":[56,282],"they":[57],"rely":[58],"central":[61],"party,":[62],"typically":[63],"hosting":[65],"store,":[67],"perform":[69],"detection,":[71,314],"many":[73,293],"stores":[75],"fail":[76],"commit":[78],"proper":[79],"effort":[80,305],"piracy":[82],"detection.":[83,309],"We":[84,126,201,330],"consider":[85],"building":[86],"application":[88,277,317],"detection":[90,118,181,215,264,319,345],"capability":[91],"into":[92,221,298,327,346],"apps,":[93],"such":[94,162],"that":[95,163,166,257,291,323,340,358],"user":[96,178],"devices":[97],"made":[99],"use":[100,130,385],"in":[104,142,275,280],"decentralized":[106],"fashion.":[107],"<italic":[108,132,145,189,203,218,286],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[109,133,146,190,204,219,287,337],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">The":[110],"main":[111],"challenge":[112],"how":[114],"protect":[116],"code":[119,216,230,265,326],"from":[120,242],"being":[121],"manipulated":[122],"by":[123],"attacks</i>":[124],".":[125],"propose":[127,284],"creative":[129],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">logic":[134],"bombs</i>":[135],",":[136,192,339],"otherwise":[139],"regularly":[140],"used":[141],"The":[144,180,351],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">trigger":[147],"conditions</i>":[148],"bombs":[150,294,388],"constructed":[152],"exploit":[154],"differences":[156],"between":[157],"attacker":[159,171],"users,":[161],"bomb":[165,188,198,252,368],"lies":[167],"dormant":[168],"side":[172],"will":[173,266,278],"activated":[175],"side.":[179],"code,":[182,226],"part":[185],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">payload</i>":[191],"executed":[194],"if":[196],"activated.":[200,254],"introduce":[202],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">cryptographically":[205],"obfuscated":[206],"logic":[207,387],"bomb</i>":[208],"enhance":[210],"bomb:":[212],"(1)":[213],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">woven</i>":[220],"neighboring":[223],"original":[224],"(2)":[227],"mixed":[229],"gets":[231],"encrypted":[232],"using":[233],"key,":[235],"(3)":[237],"key":[239,274],"deleted":[241],"can":[246],"derived":[249],"Thus,":[255],"attacks":[256,322],"try":[258],"modify":[260],"or":[261],"delete":[262],"corrupt":[267],"itself,":[270],"searching":[272],"vain.":[281],"we":[283,315],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">bomb":[288],"spraying</i>":[289],"technique":[290,360],"allows":[292],"injected":[297],"an":[299],"app,":[300],"multiplying":[301],"needed":[303],"adversary":[304],"for":[306],"bypassing":[307],"In":[310],"addition":[311],"present":[316],"tampering":[318,344],"fight":[321],"insert":[324],"malicious":[325],"have":[331],"implemented":[332],"prototype,":[334],"named":[335],"<sc":[336],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">BombDroid</small>":[338],"builds":[341],"apps":[347],"through":[348],"bytecode":[349],"instrumentation.":[350],"evaluation":[352],"security":[355],"analysis":[356,369],"show":[357],"effective,":[362],"efficient,":[363],"resilient":[365],"various":[367],"techniques":[370],"including":[371],"fuzzing,":[372],"symbolic":[373],"execution,":[374],"multi-path":[375],"exploration,":[376],"program":[378],"slicing.":[379],"Ethical":[380],"issues":[381],"due":[382],"discussed.":[391]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}