{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943981992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2019.2915829","title":"KALD: Detecting Direct Pointer Disclosure Vulnerabilities","display_name":"KALD: Detecting Direct Pointer Disclosure Vulnerabilities","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943981992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2019.2915829","mag":"2943981992"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2019.2915829","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2019.2915829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017687129","display_name":"Brian Belleville","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian Belleville","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039734151","display_name":"Wenbo Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2899-6121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cyberspace Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyberspace Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081376452","display_name":"Stijn Volckaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5594-7742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stijn Volckaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, imec-DistriNet, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, imec-DistriNet, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036459095","display_name":"Ahmed M. Azab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-7808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed M. Azab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103069673","display_name":"Michael Franz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5911-2275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Franz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017687129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.42,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69880829,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10478","display_name":"Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8093835115432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pointer","display_name":"Pointer (user interface)","score":0.6517320275306702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sysfs","display_name":"sysfs","score":0.6249241232872009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5835996866226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5726569294929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/configfs","display_name":"Configfs","score":0.5037238001823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.49831652641296387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linux-kernel","display_name":"Linux kernel","score":0.4886827766895294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/address-space","display_name":"Address space","score":0.48754069209098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.4764024317264557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.40456098318099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.16483959555625916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.0811614990234375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8093835115432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150202949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107602","display_name":"Pointer (user interface)","level":2,"score":0.6517320275306702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90307666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932562","display_name":"sysfs","level":3,"score":0.6249241232872009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5835996866226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5726569294929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94127936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160105","display_name":"Configfs","level":3,"score":0.5037238001823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.49831652641296387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553261973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14579","display_name":"Linux kernel","level":2,"score":0.4886827766895294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144240696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367204","display_name":"Address space","level":2,"score":0.48754069209098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4764024317264557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.40456098318099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.16483959555625916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0811614990234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2019.2915829","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2019.2915829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/637176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/637176/2/paper.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ieee Transactions On Dependable And Secure Computing, vol. 18 (3)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1904404804","https://openalex.org/W1914991993","https://openalex.org/W1964281299","https://openalex.org/W1978223246","https://openalex.org/W1982778414","https://openalex.org/W1996931407","https://openalex.org/W2081105932","https://openalex.org/W2091141964","https://openalex.org/W2117798902","https://openalex.org/W2149237601","https://openalex.org/W2153185479","https://openalex.org/W2162800072","https://openalex.org/W2297774820","https://openalex.org/W2496223032","https://openalex.org/W2529582363","https://openalex.org/W2532499458","https://openalex.org/W2538805569","https://openalex.org/W2604520577","https://openalex.org/W2607362719","https://openalex.org/W2664885055","https://openalex.org/W2753478887","https://openalex.org/W2792181598","https://openalex.org/W2913068020","https://openalex.org/W4246166885","https://openalex.org/W6639981184","https://openalex.org/W6639989532","https://openalex.org/W6682018898","https://openalex.org/W6723270624","https://openalex.org/W6743674419"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367644348","https://openalex.org/W2365356622","https://openalex.org/W2389042919","https://openalex.org/W2349540948","https://openalex.org/W4233102306","https://openalex.org/W4386995071","https://openalex.org/W3163483881","https://openalex.org/W2380718268","https://openalex.org/W2002972382","https://openalex.org/W2388410831"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"operating":[1,114],"system":[2,115],"kernels":[3,116],"deploy":[4],"Kernel":[5,87],"Address":[6,88],"Space":[7],"Layout":[8],"Randomization":[9],"(KASLR)":[10],"to":[11,53,132,145,177],"mitigate":[12],"control-flow":[13],"hijacking":[14],"attacks.":[15],"KASLR":[16],"randomizes":[17,30],"the":[18,22,40,56,71,75,102,109,139,168],"base":[19],"addresses":[20,50],"of":[21,43,45,74,112,126,141,150],"kernel's":[23,76],"code":[24,61,77,111],"and":[25,36,79,117,136,171],"data":[26,64],"segments.":[27],"However,":[28],"it":[29,137,173],"both":[31],"with":[32],"a":[33,59,92,124,142],"single":[34,60],"offset":[35],"does":[37],"not":[38],"randomize":[39],"internal":[41],"layout":[42,73],"either":[44],"these":[46],"segments,":[47],"so":[48],"relative":[49],"remain":[51],"known":[52],"adversaries.":[54],"If":[55],"kernel":[57,103,155,170],"discloses":[58],"or":[62],"global":[63],"pointer,":[65],"an":[66],"adversary":[67],"can":[68,107,129,153],"therefore":[69],"infer":[70],"entire":[72],"segment":[78],"bypass":[80],"KASLR.":[81],"In":[82],"this":[83],"paper,":[84],"we":[85],"present":[86],"Leak":[89],"Detector":[90],"(KALD),":[91],"tool":[93],"that":[94,128,159,172],"finds":[95],"direct":[96,164],"disclosure":[97,165],"vulnerabilities":[98,166],"by":[99],"statically":[100],"analyzing":[101],"source":[104,110],"code.":[105],"KALD":[106,122,160],"analyze":[108],"modern":[113],"find":[118],"previously":[119],"unreported":[120],"leaks.":[121],"compiles":[123],"list":[125],"functions":[127,152],"leak":[130],"information":[131],"user-space":[133],"accessible":[134],"locations,":[135],"uses":[138],"results":[140],"points-to":[143],"analysis":[144],"determine":[146],"whether":[147],"individual":[148],"invocations":[149],"such":[151],"disclose":[154],"pointers.":[156],"We":[157],"show":[158],"successfully":[161],"detects":[162],"several":[163],"in":[167,180],"Linux":[169],"is":[174],"flexible":[175],"enough":[176],"be":[178],"useful":[179],"practice.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
