{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886703882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2018.2861756","title":"Building a Trustworthy Execution Environment to Defeat Exploits from both Cyber Space and Physical Space for ARM","display_name":"Building a Trustworthy Execution Environment to Defeat Exploits from both Cyber Space and Physical Space for ARM","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886703882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2018.2861756","mag":"2886703882"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2018.2861756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2018.2861756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057991555","display_name":"Le Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8205-5616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Le Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102836248","display_name":"Chen Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2600-2819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100346828","display_name":"Peng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5091-8464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041094652","display_name":"Xinyu Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6733-226X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085945429","display_name":"Xinyang Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6030-2068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyang Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027504758","display_name":"Shengzhi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9432-9779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengzhi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University, Metropolitan College, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University, Metropolitan College, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100770786","display_name":"Meng Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-2888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102101047","display_name":"Roosevelt University","ror":"https://ror.org/020vmqv16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102101047"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102101047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055045569","display_name":"Trent Jaeger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4964-1170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trent Jaeger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057991555"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1402,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83725618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"438","last_page":"453"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8236274719238281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7870427370071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6086399555206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.550028920173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trusted-computing","display_name":"Trusted Computing","score":0.5066414475440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.45574358105659485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-address","display_name":"Physical address","score":0.43960145115852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.43040427565574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.4276292026042938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.35200902819633484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8236274719238281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7870427370071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6086399555206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.550028920173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776831232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q966812","display_name":"Trusted Computing","level":2,"score":0.5066414475440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.45574358105659485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41036726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844824","display_name":"Physical address","level":3,"score":0.43960145115852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.43040427565574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.4276292026042938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.35200902819633484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136085584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910289","display_name":"Overlay","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2018.2861756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2018.2861756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6471190695","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-13-1-0421","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86845558","https://openalex.org/W88414147","https://openalex.org/W1511843316","https://openalex.org/W1613874182","https://openalex.org/W1852007091","https://openalex.org/W1996931407","https://openalex.org/W2014517322","https://openalex.org/W2020936921","https://openalex.org/W2031525781","https://openalex.org/W2036329595","https://openalex.org/W2061643296","https://openalex.org/W2092039689","https://openalex.org/W2092423386","https://openalex.org/W2096014416","https://openalex.org/W2103289002","https://openalex.org/W2105321788","https://openalex.org/W2105528199","https://openalex.org/W2112735498","https://openalex.org/W2128159601","https://openalex.org/W2130694829","https://openalex.org/W2144183173","https://openalex.org/W2150615820","https://openalex.org/W2150620897","https://openalex.org/W2150709728","https://openalex.org/W2151951695","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2164399967","https://openalex.org/W2166704123","https://openalex.org/W2167804035","https://openalex.org/W2168601499","https://openalex.org/W2170961388","https://openalex.org/W2175377689","https://openalex.org/W2183059480","https://openalex.org/W2402794349","https://openalex.org/W2406221528","https://openalex.org/W2469208367","https://openalex.org/W2510286124","https://openalex.org/W2511473180","https://openalex.org/W2563849074","https://openalex.org/W2567113185","https://openalex.org/W2605883969","https://openalex.org/W2664885055","https://openalex.org/W2762625979","https://openalex.org/W2903566129","https://openalex.org/W2963311060","https://openalex.org/W2964206587","https://openalex.org/W3104862556","https://openalex.org/W3140837477","https://openalex.org/W4206796831","https://openalex.org/W4242464041","https://openalex.org/W6638906098","https://openalex.org/W6675903601","https://openalex.org/W6682554491","https://openalex.org/W6684233652","https://openalex.org/W6685227140","https://openalex.org/W6685842371","https://openalex.org/W6713309242","https://openalex.org/W6720296912","https://openalex.org/W6747544890","https://openalex.org/W6757151051","https://openalex.org/W6778035576"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2353836703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,125,147],"rapid":[1],"evolution":[2],"of":[3,24,89,164],"Internet-of-Things":[4],"(IoT)":[5],"technologies":[6],"has":[7],"led":[8],"to":[9,13,57,138,157,185,195],"an":[10,175],"emerging":[11],"need":[12],"make":[14],"them":[15,137],"smarter.":[16],"However,":[17],"the":[18,22,38,58,97,103,139,145,161,189],"smartness":[19],"comes":[20],"at":[21],"cost":[23],"multi-vector":[25],"security":[26],"exploits.":[27,197],"From":[28,45],"cyber":[29,84],"space,":[30,47],"a":[31,41,54,69,108,121,152,165,186],"compromised":[32],"operating":[33],"system":[34,127,131,149],"could":[35],"access":[36],"all":[37,160],"data":[39,162,177],"in":[40,169,171,188],"cloud-aware":[42],"IoT":[43,80],"device.":[44],"physical":[46,196],"cold-boot":[48],"attacks":[49,52],"and":[50,93,99,143],"DMA":[51],"impose":[53],"great":[55],"threat":[56],"unattended":[59],"devices.":[60,81],"In":[61,102],"this":[62],"paper,":[63],"we":[64],"propose":[65],"TrustShadow":[66,86,106],"that":[67,159],"provides":[68],"comprehensively":[70],"protected":[71],"execution":[72,110],"environment":[73,111,117],"for":[74,112],"unmodified":[75],"application":[76,167],"running":[77],"on":[78],"ARM-based":[79],"To":[82],"defeat":[83],"attacks,":[85],"takes":[87],"advantage":[88],"ARM":[90],"TrustZone":[91],"technology":[92],"partitions":[94],"resources":[95],"into":[96],"secure":[98,104],"normal":[100],"worlds.":[101],"world,":[105],"constructs":[107],"trusted":[109,116],"security-critical":[113,166],"applications.":[114],"This":[115],"is":[118,179,182,193],"maintained":[119],"by":[120],"lightweight":[122],"runtime":[123,126,148],"system.":[124],"does":[128],"not":[129],"provide":[130],"services":[132],"itself.":[133],"Rather,":[134],"it":[135,181],"forwards":[136],"untrusted":[140],"normal-world":[141],"OS,":[142],"verifies":[144],"returns.":[146],"further":[150],"employs":[151],"page":[153,178,187],"based":[154],"encryption":[155],"mechanism":[156],"ensure":[158],"segments":[163],"appear":[168],"ciphertext":[170],"DRAM":[172],"chip.":[173],"When":[174],"encrypted":[176],"accessed,":[180],"transparently":[183],"decrypted":[184],"internal":[190],"RAM,":[191],"which":[192],"immune":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}