{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2884634386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2018.2858257","title":"Atlas: Application Confidentiality in Compromised Embedded Systems","display_name":"Atlas: Application Confidentiality in Compromised Embedded Systems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2884634386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2018.2858257","mag":"2884634386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2018.2858257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2018.2858257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/636585","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040923176","display_name":"Pieter Maene","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4807-5939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pieter Maene","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec-COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4807-5939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086747807","display_name":"Johannes G\u00f6tzfried","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Gotzfried","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013627385","display_name":"Tilo M\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0430-1467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tilo Muller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016083462","display_name":"Ruan de Clercq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2910-6469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruan de Clercq","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec-COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035871932","display_name":"Felix Freiling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-8401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Freiling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-8401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082347771","display_name":"Ingrid Verbauwhede","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-076X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingrid Verbauwhede","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec-COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-076X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1466,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8378232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"415","last_page":"423"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8080254793167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toolchain","display_name":"Toolchain","score":0.7880245447158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-protection","display_name":"Memory protection","score":0.7227097749710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.6375545263290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trusted-computing-base","display_name":"Trusted computing base","score":0.6195474863052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5626111626625061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5612258315086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5376898050308228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4497145414352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.4382580518722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.43605419993400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trusted-computing","display_name":"Trusted Computing","score":0.41437527537345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-management","display_name":"Memory management","score":0.25697070360183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.14148202538490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-memory","display_name":"Extended memory","score":0.1372382938861847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.11308839917182922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8080254793167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777062904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545406","display_name":"Toolchain","level":3,"score":0.7880245447158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18131444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163585","display_name":"Memory protection","level":5,"score":0.7227097749710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.6375545263290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147346212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5492632","display_name":"Trusted computing base","level":4,"score":0.6195474863052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5626111626625061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5612258315086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5376898050308228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4497145414352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4382580518722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.43605419993400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776831232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q966812","display_name":"Trusted Computing","level":2,"score":0.41437527537345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.25697070360183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.14148202538490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171675096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143380","display_name":"Extended memory","level":4,"score":0.1372382938861847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.11308839917182922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2018.2858257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2018.2858257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/636585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/636585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ieee Transactions On Dependable And Secure Computing, vol. 16 (3), Art.No. 3, (415-423)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3506561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3506561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/636585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/636585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ieee Transactions On Dependable And Secure Computing, vol. 16 (3), Art.No. 3, (415-423)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1783204969","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Invasive Computing (SFB/TR 89)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W198928148","https://openalex.org/W565531337","https://openalex.org/W1514794536","https://openalex.org/W1553586369","https://openalex.org/W1599175145","https://openalex.org/W1599281790","https://openalex.org/W1810006187","https://openalex.org/W1995727142","https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2051384716","https://openalex.org/W2078079053","https://openalex.org/W2092039689","https://openalex.org/W2103054574","https://openalex.org/W2126290606","https://openalex.org/W2143316545","https://openalex.org/W2144163129","https://openalex.org/W2160914149","https://openalex.org/W2166243422","https://openalex.org/W2170138789","https://openalex.org/W2186509149","https://openalex.org/W2190847501","https://openalex.org/W2290803433","https://openalex.org/W2397035252","https://openalex.org/W2401686580","https://openalex.org/W2563849074","https://openalex.org/W2576037784","https://openalex.org/W3030624396","https://openalex.org/W6608070349","https://openalex.org/W6615991384","https://openalex.org/W6630953884","https://openalex.org/W6635550122","https://openalex.org/W6635717685","https://openalex.org/W6686356728","https://openalex.org/W6713117994","https://openalex.org/W6732215895","https://openalex.org/W6778727884"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358352283","https://openalex.org/W143066512","https://openalex.org/W2116177289","https://openalex.org/W2168214592","https://openalex.org/W4224230903","https://openalex.org/W2356797718","https://openalex.org/W2382159354","https://openalex.org/W2025014554","https://openalex.org/W2158492659","https://openalex.org/W1512075125"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,19,37,67,84,113],"the":[2,5,27,99,129,146],"requirements":[3],"of":[4,29,148],"Internet-of-Things,":[6],"modern":[7,63],"embedded":[8],"systems":[9,65],"have":[10,36],"become":[11],"increasingly":[12],"complex,":[13],"running":[14],"different":[15],"applications.":[16],"In":[17],"order":[18],"protect":[20,114],"their":[21,60],"intellectual":[22],"property":[23],"as":[24,26],"well":[25],"confidentiality":[28,73,93],"sensitive":[30],"data":[31,92],"they":[32],"process,":[33],"these":[34],"applications":[35],"be":[38,68],"isolated":[39],"from":[40],"each":[41],"other.":[42],"Traditional":[43],"memory":[44,47,86],"protection":[45,87],"and":[46,70,91,118],"management":[48],"units":[49],"provide":[50],"such":[51],"isolation,":[52],"but":[53],"rely":[54],"on":[55,107,128],"operating":[56,64],"system":[57,100],"support":[58],"for":[59,136],"configuration.":[61],"However,":[62],"tend":[66],"vulnerable":[69],"cannot":[71],"guarantee":[72],"when":[74,98],"compromised.":[75],"We":[76,124],"present":[77],"Atlas,":[78],"a":[79,149],"hardware-based":[80],"security":[81],"architecture,":[82],"complementary":[83],"traditional":[85],"mechanisms,":[88],"ensuring":[89],"code":[90],"through":[94],"transparent":[95],"encryption,":[96],"even":[97],"software":[101],"has":[102],"been":[103],"exploited.":[104],"Atlas":[105,126],"relies":[106],"its":[108],"zero-software":[109],"trusted":[110],"computing":[111],"base":[112],"against":[115],"system-level":[116],"attackers":[117],"also":[119],"supports":[120],"secure":[121],"shared":[122],"memory.":[123],"implemented":[125],"based":[127],"LEON3":[130],"softcore":[131],"processor,":[132],"including":[133],"toolchain":[134],"extensions":[135],"developers.":[137],"Our":[138],"FPGA-based":[139],"evaluation":[140],"shows":[141],"minimal":[142],"cycle":[143],"overhead":[144],"at":[145],"cost":[147],"reduced":[150],"maximum":[151],"frequency.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}