{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2527358790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2015.2451614","title":"CPV: Delay-Based Location Verification for the Internet","display_name":"CPV: Delay-Based Location Verification for the Internet","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2527358790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2015.2451614","mag":"2527358790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2015.2451614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2015.2451614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012118535","display_name":"AbdelRahman Abdou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-107X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"AbdelRahman Abdou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103160400","display_name":"Ashraf Matrawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9220-4630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashraf Matrawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Carleton University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Carleton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011846293","display_name":"Paul C. van Oorschot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5038-5370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. C. van Oorschot","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Carleton University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Carleton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012118535"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0058,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94585453,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"130","last_page":"144"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8492425084114075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planetlab","display_name":"PlanetLab","score":0.6656612157821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geolocation","display_name":"Geolocation","score":0.6484330892562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5699244141578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5110312700271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.49435997009277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.44381463527679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4436858594417572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.41707369685173035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.41297006607055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.13252288103103638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12606698274612427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8492425084114075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780300890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851973","display_name":"PlanetLab","level":3,"score":0.6656612157821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.6484330892562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5699244141578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5110312700271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.49435997009277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.44381463527679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4436858594417572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.41707369685173035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.41297006607055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.13252288103103638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12606698274612427}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2015.2451614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2015.2451614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.696.691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.696.691","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://people.scs.carleton.ca/%7Epaulv/papers/CPV-TDSC-authorcopy.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","display_name":"Canada Research Chairs","ror":"https://ror.org/0517h6h17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51115498","https://openalex.org/W631122643","https://openalex.org/W1483899342","https://openalex.org/W1492901379","https://openalex.org/W1525904361","https://openalex.org/W1543653153","https://openalex.org/W1593327293","https://openalex.org/W1606393135","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W1742169791","https://openalex.org/W1822551791","https://openalex.org/W1938118830","https://openalex.org/W1974533642","https://openalex.org/W1994982577","https://openalex.org/W2010701513","https://openalex.org/W2015948168","https://openalex.org/W2016242872","https://openalex.org/W2018862322","https://openalex.org/W2036082278","https://openalex.org/W2047966912","https://openalex.org/W2054413706","https://openalex.org/W2054564044","https://openalex.org/W2059259229","https://openalex.org/W2065219958","https://openalex.org/W2074568547","https://openalex.org/W2098697029","https://openalex.org/W2109708952","https://openalex.org/W2115819049","https://openalex.org/W2116398767","https://openalex.org/W2120709141","https://openalex.org/W2123658540","https://openalex.org/W2130135255","https://openalex.org/W2132051999","https://openalex.org/W2132212948","https://openalex.org/W2139708889","https://openalex.org/W2141761753","https://openalex.org/W2142449826","https://openalex.org/W2142803923","https://openalex.org/W2145109799","https://openalex.org/W2149826777","https://openalex.org/W2154070997","https://openalex.org/W2159777963","https://openalex.org/W2164947865","https://openalex.org/W2167868809","https://openalex.org/W2168596445","https://openalex.org/W2189201293","https://openalex.org/W2277519467","https://openalex.org/W2288632536","https://openalex.org/W2986796555","https://openalex.org/W3122733481","https://openalex.org/W4247564058","https://openalex.org/W6620210869","https://openalex.org/W6631676361","https://openalex.org/W6635415058","https://openalex.org/W6637699460","https://openalex.org/W6638534084","https://openalex.org/W6640663072","https://openalex.org/W6664087658","https://openalex.org/W6681613325","https://openalex.org/W6683567059"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973568483","https://openalex.org/W2585085608","https://openalex.org/W1597466597","https://openalex.org/W3214963227","https://openalex.org/W1995124684","https://openalex.org/W2950317205","https://openalex.org/W4293579513","https://openalex.org/W4285815046","https://openalex.org/W2325135768","https://openalex.org/W2091431498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"number":[1],"of":[2,11,109,170,182],"location-aware":[3,23,25],"services":[4],"over":[5],"the":[6,14,96,138,149,168,171,175,180],"Internet":[7,125],"continues":[8],"growing.":[9],"Some":[10],"these":[12,144],"require":[13],"client's":[15,139],"geographic":[16,84],"location":[17,98],"for":[18,146,184],"security-sensitive":[19],"applications.":[20],"Examples":[21],"include":[22],"authentication,":[24],"access":[26],"policies,":[27],"fraud":[28],"prevention,":[29],"complying":[30],"with":[31],"media":[32],"licensing,":[33],"and":[34,58,142,174],"regulating":[35],"online":[36],"gambling/voting.":[37],"An":[38],"adversary":[39,114],"can":[40],"evade":[41],"existing":[42],"geolocation":[43],"techniques,":[44],"e.g.,":[45],"by":[46,91,105],"faking":[47],"GPS":[48],"coordinates":[49],"or":[50],"employing":[51],"a":[52,68,78,82,102,129],"non-local":[53],"IP":[54,93],"address":[55],"through":[56,155],"proxy":[57],"virtual":[59],"private":[60],"networks.":[61],"We":[62,152],"devise":[63],"Client":[64],"Presence":[65],"Verification":[66],"(CPV),":[67],"delay-based":[69],"verification":[70,176],"technique":[71],"designed":[72],"to":[73,132],"verify":[74],"an":[75,113],"assertion":[76],"about":[77],"device's":[79,97],"presence":[80],"inside":[81],"prescribed":[83],"region.":[85],"CPV":[86,123,154,183],"does":[87],"not":[88],"identify":[89],"devices":[90],"their":[92],"addresses.":[94],"Rather,":[95],"is":[99],"corroborated":[100],"in":[101],"novel":[103,130],"way":[104],"leveraging":[106],"geometric":[107],"properties":[108],"triangles,":[110],"which":[111],"prevents":[112],"from":[115],"manipulating":[116],"measured":[117],"delays.":[118],"To":[119],"achieve":[120],"high":[121],"accuracy,":[122],"mitigates":[124],"path":[126],"asymmetry":[127],"using":[128],"method":[131],"deduce":[133],"one-way":[134],"application-layer":[135],"delays":[136,145],"to/from":[137],"participating":[140],"device,":[141],"mines":[143],"evidence":[147],"supporting/refuting":[148],"asserted":[150],"location.":[151],"evaluate":[153],"detailed":[156],"experiments":[157],"on":[158],"PlanetLab,":[159],"exploring":[160],"various":[161],"factors":[162],"that":[163],"affect":[164],"its":[165],"efficacy,":[166],"including":[167],"granularity":[169],"verified":[172],"location,":[173],"time.":[177],"Results":[178],"highlight":[179],"potential":[181],"practical":[185],"adoption.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}