{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010256880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2014.2355839","title":"A Probabilistic Discriminative Model for Android Malware Detection with Decompiled Source Code","display_name":"A Probabilistic Discriminative Model for Android Malware Detection with Decompiled Source Code","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010256880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2014.2355839","mag":"2010256880"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2014.2355839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2014.2355839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085349440","display_name":"Lei Cen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Cen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN","Purdue Univ., West LaFayette, IN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue Univ., West LaFayette, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063674810","display_name":"Christoher S. Gates","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoher S. Gates","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN","Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101718341","display_name":"Luo Si","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-234X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luo Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101471208","display_name":"Ninghui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8207-9717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ninghui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN","Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4368,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":149,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97944694,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"400","last_page":"412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8552678823471069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7658435106277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android-malware","display_name":"Android malware","score":0.7635970115661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.7464317083358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.7242999076843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6493108868598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.6021769642829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47537460923194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4611978232860565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.4553734064102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.4498327672481537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3662853240966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15569913387298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1350616216659546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8552678823471069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7658435106277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989133298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android malware","level":3,"score":0.7635970115661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.7464317083358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.7242999076843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6493108868598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.6021769642829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47537460923194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4611978232860565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4553734064102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.4498327672481537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3662853240966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15569913387298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1350616216659546}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tdsc.2014.2355839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2014.2355839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133795288","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","issn_l":"1545-5971","issn":["1545-5971","1941-0018","2160-9209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1769273414","display_name":"TWC SBE: Medium: Collaborative: User-Centric Risk Communication and Control on Mobile Devices","funder_award_id":"1314688","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81879861","https://openalex.org/W321468090","https://openalex.org/W1489067988","https://openalex.org/W1581009051","https://openalex.org/W1840988445","https://openalex.org/W1943233084","https://openalex.org/W1964110400","https://openalex.org/W1976526581","https://openalex.org/W1990649188","https://openalex.org/W2003276999","https://openalex.org/W2018175892","https://openalex.org/W2041276426","https://openalex.org/W2053896336","https://openalex.org/W2058180826","https://openalex.org/W2060782570","https://openalex.org/W2114275288","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2121749752","https://openalex.org/W2125011234","https://openalex.org/W2126047957","https://openalex.org/W2138644293","https://openalex.org/W2140095007","https://openalex.org/W2151461670","https://openalex.org/W2152149943","https://openalex.org/W2156204309","https://openalex.org/W2156744053","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2166183437","https://openalex.org/W2167671111","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2399891510","https://openalex.org/W2435251607","https://openalex.org/W6603356336","https://openalex.org/W6629239077","https://openalex.org/W6635142148","https://openalex.org/W6678051712","https://openalex.org/W6680604901","https://openalex.org/W6682449049","https://openalex.org/W6712192629","https://openalex.org/W6717827561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560361988","https://openalex.org/W2507113366","https://openalex.org/W3200508744","https://openalex.org/W3025122950","https://openalex.org/W2311926078","https://openalex.org/W2895504842","https://openalex.org/W4383468964","https://openalex.org/W4312234627","https://openalex.org/W3195312353","https://openalex.org/W4249118297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"devices":[1],"are":[2],"an":[3],"important":[4],"part":[5],"of":[6,24,155,176,179,198],"our":[7,156],"everyday":[8],"lives,":[9],"and":[10,94,96,106,120,149,183,202],"the":[11,111,123,134,139,153,160,185],"Android":[12,27,58,84,127,169,190],"platform":[13],"has":[14],"become":[15],"a":[16,22,48,173],"market":[17],"leader.":[18],"In":[19,41,78],"recent":[20],"years":[21],"number":[23],"approaches":[25],"for":[26,57,126,168,189],"malware":[28,59,128,170,191],"detection":[29,129,141,171,192],"have":[30],"been":[31],"proposed,":[32],"using":[33],"permissions,":[34,119],"source":[35,92,147,181,200],"code":[36,148,182,201],"analysis,":[37],"or":[38],"dynamic":[39],"analysis.":[40],"this":[42,158],"paper,":[43],"we":[44,65,80],"propose":[45,81],"to":[46,82],"use":[47,83],"probabilistic":[49,71,112,165],"discriminative":[50,113,135,166],"model":[51,114,137,167],"based":[52],"on":[53],"regularized":[54],"logistic":[55],"regression":[56],"detection.":[60],"Through":[61],"extensive":[62],"experimental":[63],"evaluation,":[64],"demonstrate":[66],"that":[67,110,163,194],"it":[68],"can":[69],"generate":[70],"outputs":[72],"with":[73,118,130,172],"highly":[74],"accurate":[75],"classification":[76],"results.":[77],"particular,":[79],"API":[85],"calls":[86],"as":[87],"features":[88],"extracted":[89],"from":[90],"decompiled":[91,146,180,199],"code,":[93],"analyze":[95],"explore":[97],"issues":[98],"in":[99],"feature":[100,102,104],"granularity,":[101],"representation,":[103],"selection,":[105],"regularization.":[107],"We":[108],"show":[109],"also":[115],"works":[116],"well":[117],"substantially":[121],"outperforms":[122],"state-of-the-art":[124],"methods":[125],"application":[131,150,203],"permissions.":[132,151,204],"Furthermore,":[133],"learning":[136],"achieves":[138],"best":[140,154],"results":[142],"by":[143],"combining":[144],"both":[145,196],"To":[152],"knowledge,":[157],"is":[159,184],"first":[161,186],"research":[162,187],"proposes":[164],"thorough":[174],"study":[175],"desired":[177],"representation":[178],"work":[188],"task":[193],"combines":[195],"analysis":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
