{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416366456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2025.3632473","title":"Optimal Fixed-Time Control for Human-in-the-Loop Multiagent Systems With Actuator Faults","display_name":"Optimal Fixed-Time Control for Human-in-the-Loop Multiagent Systems With Actuator Faults","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416366456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2025.3632473","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41259176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2025.3632473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2025.3632473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027245682","display_name":"Liang Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5698-8527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97009856","display_name":"Bohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kdzej58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97009856"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematical Sciences, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5698-8527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematical Sciences, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97009856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114223804","display_name":"Yushan Cen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97009856","display_name":"Bohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kdzej58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97009856"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yushan Cen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematical Sciences, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematical Sciences, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97009856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025349097","display_name":"Tieshan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0474-953X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tieshan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0474-953X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067900602","display_name":"Hongjing Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1480-1872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjing Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1480-1872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032133449","display_name":"Yingnan Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7603-4333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97009856","display_name":"Bohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kdzej58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97009856"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingnan Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematical Sciences, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7603-4333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematical Sciences, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97009856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.9304,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98801467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"3","first_page":"1773","last_page":"1784"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.5861999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.5861999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.06599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.04639999940991402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.743399977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.7013999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.5913000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-error","display_name":"Tracking error","score":0.5796999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5730999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.559499979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5382999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5231000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5224000215530396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.743399977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.7013999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.616599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.5913000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183356978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779213","display_name":"Tracking error","level":3,"score":0.5796999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5730999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.559499979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5382999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5231000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5194000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.46810001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.42640000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117619785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094414","display_name":"Iterative learning control","level":3,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90377204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052594","display_name":"Uniform boundedness","level":3,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151376022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168698","display_name":"Exponential function","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2025.3632473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2025.3632473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41259176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41259176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3075804322","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(62322307)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5341515829","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XLYC2403188","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329895","funder_display_name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G552627383","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62473059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8326468804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62473060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329895","display_name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966081739","https://openalex.org/W1972812456","https://openalex.org/W2603406422","https://openalex.org/W2731983160","https://openalex.org/W2887519063","https://openalex.org/W2944373859","https://openalex.org/W2961723372","https://openalex.org/W2964239500","https://openalex.org/W2964867346","https://openalex.org/W2967622731","https://openalex.org/W2981246288","https://openalex.org/W2994515967","https://openalex.org/W3041284915","https://openalex.org/W3047526607","https://openalex.org/W3097679021","https://openalex.org/W3112148202","https://openalex.org/W3114059704","https://openalex.org/W3116654160","https://openalex.org/W3122270880","https://openalex.org/W3160458447","https://openalex.org/W4206303331","https://openalex.org/W4296704751","https://openalex.org/W4296708564","https://openalex.org/W4307230233","https://openalex.org/W4312819340","https://openalex.org/W4313156005","https://openalex.org/W4365798977","https://openalex.org/W4366504030","https://openalex.org/W4378805020","https://openalex.org/W4379531887","https://openalex.org/W4385144976","https://openalex.org/W4385756606","https://openalex.org/W4386090297","https://openalex.org/W4386432276","https://openalex.org/W4386982202","https://openalex.org/W4388878399","https://openalex.org/W4389331490","https://openalex.org/W4399989878","https://openalex.org/W4400678981","https://openalex.org/W4404520559","https://openalex.org/W4405933903","https://openalex.org/W4407825928"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"delves":[2],"into":[3,47],"an":[4,24],"optimal":[5,26,35,57,91,128],"fixed-time":[6,84,92],"tracking":[7,66],"control":[8,27,58,67,129,154],"scheme":[9,130],"for":[10],"human-in-the-loop":[11],"(HiTL)":[12],"multiagent":[13],"systems":[14],"(MASs)":[15],"against":[16],"actuator":[17,109],"faults.":[18],"For":[19],"adapting":[20],"various":[21],"complex":[22],"environments,":[23],"HiTL":[25,70],"protocol":[28],"is":[29,45,86],"developed":[30],"based":[31],"on":[32],"the":[33,38,42,48,53,56,62,65,69,83,90,96,116,126,136,149,152],"simplified":[34],"control.":[36,71],"Furthermore,":[37],"synchronization":[39],"error":[40],"containing":[41],"leader":[43],"input":[44],"embedded":[46],"cost":[49],"function,":[50],"which":[51,94],"enables":[52],"achievement":[54],"of":[55,64,99,135,151],"objective":[59],"and":[60,113],"ensures":[61,131],"execution":[63],"under":[68],"By":[72],"adding":[73],"exponential":[74],"terms,":[75],"a":[76,142],"novel":[77],"reinforcement":[78],"learning":[79],"(RL)":[80],"algorithm":[81],"satisfying":[82],"form":[85],"proposed":[87],"to":[88,120],"attain":[89,121],"controller,":[93],"prompts":[95],"convergence":[97],"rate":[98],"system":[100,123,138],"signals":[101,134],"while":[102],"ensuring":[103],"minimum":[104],"energy":[105],"consumption":[106],"effectively.":[107],"Meanwhile,":[108],"faults":[110],"are":[111],"considered":[112],"compensated":[114],"in":[115,141],"controller":[117],"design":[118],"process":[119],"exceptional":[122],"performance.":[124],"Consequently,":[125],"presented":[127,153],"that":[132],"all":[133],"closed-loop":[137],"maintain":[139],"bounded":[140],"fixed":[143],"time.":[144],"The":[145],"simulation":[146],"results":[147],"verify":[148],"feasibility":[150],"method.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-11-19T00:00:00"}
