{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412494064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2025.3583368","title":"Fixed-Time Optimal Consensus of Multiagent Systems Under Cyber-Attacks: A Hierarchical Control Approach","display_name":"Fixed-Time Optimal Consensus of Multiagent Systems Under Cyber-Attacks: A Hierarchical Control Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412494064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2025.3583368","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40679904"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2025.3583368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2025.3583368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091787001","display_name":"Ruihong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8640-1643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruihong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Army Engineering University of PLA, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8640-1643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Engineering University of PLA, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068342377","display_name":"Qintao Gan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9320-4528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qintao Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Army Engineering University of PLA, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9320-4528","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Engineering University of PLA, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053313562","display_name":"Guoquan Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9174-646X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoquan Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Army Engineering University of PLA, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9174-646X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Engineering University of PLA, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084405005","display_name":"Huaiqin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8766-3514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaiqin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8766-3514","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017808266","display_name":"Jinde Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3133-7119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinde Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3133-7119","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.2445,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99381807,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"9","first_page":"4182","last_page":"4195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9713000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9713000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5851099491119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-system","display_name":"Multi-agent system","score":0.5707678198814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4974978268146515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3567952513694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1549985408782959}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5851099491119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.5707678198814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4974978268146515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3567952513694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1549985408782959}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2025.3583368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2025.3583368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40679904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40679904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1070650235","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61305076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3952277584","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"A12171416","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015113370","https://openalex.org/W2499597001","https://openalex.org/W2572224102","https://openalex.org/W2978995128","https://openalex.org/W3165032542","https://openalex.org/W3208456894","https://openalex.org/W4210710597","https://openalex.org/W4214925212","https://openalex.org/W4220788991","https://openalex.org/W4281250484","https://openalex.org/W4298393053","https://openalex.org/W4304480072","https://openalex.org/W4312749201","https://openalex.org/W4313655176","https://openalex.org/W4319663807","https://openalex.org/W4319878998","https://openalex.org/W4320712923","https://openalex.org/W4360995670","https://openalex.org/W4376128639","https://openalex.org/W4379409406","https://openalex.org/W4379469740","https://openalex.org/W4380318438","https://openalex.org/W4385472459","https://openalex.org/W4387092321","https://openalex.org/W4387368811","https://openalex.org/W4387885740","https://openalex.org/W4388163113","https://openalex.org/W4388430661","https://openalex.org/W4388718659","https://openalex.org/W4389722532","https://openalex.org/W4391547761","https://openalex.org/W4392908909","https://openalex.org/W4396506944","https://openalex.org/W4399487226","https://openalex.org/W4399768262","https://openalex.org/W4400579182","https://openalex.org/W4400770636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,37,66,111,145,156,222],"address":[4],"the":[5,39,44,48,52,59,68,74,98,106,113,128,134,141,147,152,157,164,179,189,194,199,224,227],"fixed-time":[6,29,114,195],"optimal":[7,75,129,165,200],"leader-following":[8],"consensus":[9,76],"issue":[10],"for":[11,176],"unknown":[12,69,180],"multiagent":[13],"systems":[14],"(MASs)":[15],"under":[16,32,77,122],"Denial":[17],"of":[18,47,118,163,217,226],"Service":[19],"(DoS)":[20],"and":[21,42,92,100,120,150,198],"false":[22],"data":[23],"injection":[24],"(FDI)":[25],"attacks.":[26],"A":[27],"novel":[28],"stability":[30,40],"theorem":[31],"DoS":[33],"attacks":[34],"is":[35,83,138,174],"presented":[36,175],"simplify":[38],"conditions":[41],"decrease":[43],"computational":[45],"complexity":[46],"settling":[49],"time.":[50,185,210],"Simultaneously,":[51],"deep":[53],"neural":[54],"networks":[55],"(DNNs)":[56],"structure":[57],"with":[58],"projection":[60],"operator":[61],"are":[62,103,220],"adopted":[63],"in":[64,105,140,159],"real-time":[65],"approximate":[67],"system":[70],"dynamics.":[71],"To":[72],"achieve":[73,193],"cyber-attacks,":[78],"a":[79,87,93,168,183,208],"hierarchical":[80],"control":[81,95,130,143,166,201,216],"approach":[82],"presented,":[84],"which":[85],"includes":[86],"reference":[88,107,148],"signal":[89,108,149],"generation":[90,109],"layer":[91,110,144],"tracking":[94,142],"layer.":[96],"Specifically,":[97],"distributed":[99],"Luenberger-based":[101],"observers":[102,191],"designed":[104,139],"solve":[112],"state":[115,196],"estimation":[116],"issues":[117],"leader":[119],"followers":[121],"multiple":[123],"malicious":[124],"attacks,":[125],"respectively.":[126],"Then,":[127],"strategy":[131],"based":[132],"on":[133],"event-triggered":[135],"mechanism":[136],"(ETM)":[137],"track":[146,204],"minimize":[151],"cost":[153],"consumption.":[154],"Due":[155],"difficulty":[158],"obtaining":[160],"explicit":[161],"expressions":[162],"mechanisms,":[167],"critic-only":[169],"reinforcement":[170],"learning":[171,178],"(RL)-based":[172],"algorithm":[173],"online":[177],"weight":[181],"within":[182],"fixed":[184,209],"By":[186],"rigorous":[187],"proof,":[188],"developed":[190,228],"can":[192,203],"reconstruction":[197],"policy":[202],"observation":[205],"states":[206],"after":[207],"Finally,":[211],"simulation":[212],"results":[213],"about":[214],"platooning":[215],"automated":[218],"vehicles":[219],"given":[221],"demonstrate":[223],"efficacy":[225],"technique.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-29T07:29:34.045763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}