{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410614134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2025.3567090","title":"An Interpretable Quantum Adjoint Convolutional Layer for Image Classification","display_name":"An Interpretable Quantum Adjoint Convolutional Layer for Image Classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410614134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2025.3567090","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40402717"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2025.3567090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2025.3567090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072612380","display_name":"Shi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5117-6095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5117-6095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115596752","display_name":"Mengyi Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6757-0488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101849453","display_name":"Ren-Xin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-8133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren-Xin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South Univerisity, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-8133","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South Univerisity, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101436881","display_name":"Licheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4891-9211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4891-9211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025640070","display_name":"Yaonan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0519-6458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaonan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0519-6458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8458,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68214042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"8","first_page":"3948","last_page":"3959"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.7912999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.7912999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5275832414627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4428195655345917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4396754503250122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.43816977739334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39676961302757263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38947874307632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.1180136501789093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5275832414627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4428195655345917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4396754503250122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.43816977739334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39676961302757263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38947874307632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1180136501789093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2025.3567090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2025.3567090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40402717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40402717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5100925731","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023JJ30167","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5439696011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61703151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069525126","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2143677375","https://openalex.org/W2525939318","https://openalex.org/W2766027582","https://openalex.org/W2798434869","https://openalex.org/W2799630470","https://openalex.org/W2896712926","https://openalex.org/W2918219584","https://openalex.org/W2943430238","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2963840672","https://openalex.org/W2980446414","https://openalex.org/W2989257188","https://openalex.org/W3007475506","https://openalex.org/W3037443854","https://openalex.org/W3037687232","https://openalex.org/W3075559820","https://openalex.org/W3081468433","https://openalex.org/W3096052452","https://openalex.org/W3116184205","https://openalex.org/W3122540842","https://openalex.org/W3130292943","https://openalex.org/W3181912721","https://openalex.org/W3195877990","https://openalex.org/W3201346714","https://openalex.org/W3201585847","https://openalex.org/W3208535570","https://openalex.org/W3216168755","https://openalex.org/W4206479908","https://openalex.org/W4317436377","https://openalex.org/W4319945822","https://openalex.org/W4324032736","https://openalex.org/W4379162456","https://openalex.org/W4379880464","https://openalex.org/W4384470533","https://openalex.org/W4386825310","https://openalex.org/W4388692654","https://openalex.org/W4391941697","https://openalex.org/W4395056466","https://openalex.org/W4401070665","https://openalex.org/W4401954265","https://openalex.org/W4405441222","https://openalex.org/W4409427065","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6685352114","https://openalex.org/W6743688258","https://openalex.org/W6773050563","https://openalex.org/W6801247661","https://openalex.org/W6801607512","https://openalex.org/W6849336270","https://openalex.org/W6860569364","https://openalex.org/W6862101952","https://openalex.org/W6875412477"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3188962172","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W4312825515","https://openalex.org/W4306742369","https://openalex.org/W4303457083","https://openalex.org/W2131146434","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336","https://openalex.org/W4281697769","https://openalex.org/W2546503577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"interpretability":[1,69,74,99],"of":[2,23,39,45,51,59,65,79,117,156],"quantum":[3,28,90,103,107,139,147,192],"machine":[4],"learning":[5],"(QML)":[6],"refers":[7],"to":[8,11,42,111,125,188],"the":[9,18,43,48,57,66,77,89,112,118,126,134,138,146,153],"capability":[10],"provide":[12],"clear":[13],"and":[14,20,47,114,120,163,174,184,190,207],"understandable":[15],"explanations":[16],"for":[17],"predictions":[19],"decision-making":[21],"processes":[22],"QML":[24,60,68],"models.":[25,61],"However,":[26],"most":[27,64],"convolutional":[29,141],"layers":[30],"(QCLs)":[31],"utilize":[32],"closed-box":[33],"structures":[34],"that":[35,167],"are":[36],"inherently":[37],"devoid":[38],"interpretability,":[40],"leading":[41],"opacity":[44],"principles":[46],"suboptimal":[49],"mapping":[50,108],"classical":[52,189],"data.":[53],"This":[54],"significantly":[55],"undermines":[56],"reliability":[58],"In":[62],"addition,":[63],"current":[67],"focuses":[70],"on":[71,102,161,180],"post":[72],"hoc":[73],"seriously":[75],"neglecting":[76],"importance":[78],"exploring":[80],"intrinsic":[81,98],"causes.":[82],"To":[83],"tackle":[84],"these":[85],"challenges,":[86],"we":[87,132],"introduce":[88],"adjoint":[91,140],"convolution":[92],"operation":[93],"(QACO).":[94],"It":[95],"is":[96,123],"an":[97],"scheme":[100],"based":[101],"evolution,":[104],"as":[105],"its":[106,121,204],"precisely":[109],"corresponds":[110],"position":[113],"pixel":[115],"values":[116],"image":[119],"principle":[122],"equivalent":[124],"Frobenius":[127],"inner":[128],"product":[129],"(FIP).":[130],"Furthermore,":[131],"extend":[133],"QACO":[135],"concept":[136],"into":[137],"layer":[142],"(QACL)":[143],"by":[144],"integrating":[145],"phase":[148],"estimation":[149],"(QPE)":[150],"algorithm,":[151],"enabling":[152],"parallel":[154],"computation":[155],"all":[157],"FIPs.":[158],"Experimental":[159],"results":[160],"PennyLane":[162],"TensorFlow":[164],"platforms":[165],"demonstrate":[166],"our":[168],"method":[169],"achieves":[170],"a":[171],"6.3%,":[172],"3.4%,":[173],"2.9%":[175],"higher":[176],"average":[177],"test":[178],"accuracy":[179,199],"Fashion":[181],"MNIST,":[182,183],"DermaMNIST":[185],"datasets":[186],"compared":[187],"uninterpretable":[191],"counterparts,":[193],"respectively,":[194],"while":[195],"maintaining":[196],"73.3%":[197],"noise-robust":[198],"under":[200],"Gaussian":[201],"noise,":[202],"showcasing":[203],"superior":[205],"generalizability":[206],"resilience":[208],"in":[209],"practical":[210],"scenarios.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
