{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400314649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2024.3411868","title":"Cascading Failure in Cyber\u2013Physical Systems: A Review on Failure Modeling and Vulnerability Analysis","display_name":"Cascading Failure in Cyber\u2013Physical Systems: A Review on Failure Modeling and Vulnerability Analysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400314649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2024.3411868","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38963743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2024.3411868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2024.3411868","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028810902","display_name":"Sizhe He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5845-2267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sizhe He","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5845-2267","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065675742","display_name":"Yadong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0345-3518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yadong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0345-3518","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038851792","display_name":"Yujie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-3573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101554099","display_name":"Ting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7600-0934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7600-0934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072771619","display_name":"Yuxun Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4258-2179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxun Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4258-2179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025311315","display_name":"Jie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6303-2307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44265643","display_name":"Rowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/049v69k10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44265643"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6303-2307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44265643"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101648505","display_name":"Tong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6999-9225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075845093","display_name":"Xiaohong Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8826-0362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8826-0362","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE KLINNS Lab, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.1528,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9894824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"12","first_page":"7936","last_page":"7954"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-failure","display_name":"Cascading failure","score":0.7611397504806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.6773304343223572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.639880895614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.6281392574310303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.44502919912338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44264543056488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3710387051105499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-engineering","display_name":"Forensic engineering","score":0.3431317210197449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33334511518478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.17444324493408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08269259333610535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.0659341812133789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119323957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048226","display_name":"Cascading failure","level":4,"score":0.7611397504806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.6773304343223572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.639880895614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.6281392574310303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.44502919912338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44264543056488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3710387051105499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3431317210197449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33334511518478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.17444324493408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08269259333610535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.0659341812133789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2024.3411868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2024.3411868","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38963743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38963743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1054163106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M683520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1366928578","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272373","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6442699438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62293502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7355380096","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62293501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":136,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W616410683","https://openalex.org/W1529547156","https://openalex.org/W1679955203","https://openalex.org/W1743889770","https://openalex.org/W1879056329","https://openalex.org/W1931400479","https://openalex.org/W1963799563","https://openalex.org/W1967059276","https://openalex.org/W1968164782","https://openalex.org/W1968686485","https://openalex.org/W1981619817","https://openalex.org/W1985055441","https://openalex.org/W1998448999","https://openalex.org/W1999071210","https://openalex.org/W2000182187","https://openalex.org/W2005551376","https://openalex.org/W2006044046","https://openalex.org/W2013240518","https://openalex.org/W2018505677","https://openalex.org/W2019398235","https://openalex.org/W2020798599","https://openalex.org/W2024822201","https://openalex.org/W2036270984","https://openalex.org/W2048119272","https://openalex.org/W2056334453","https://openalex.org/W2064427240","https://openalex.org/W2068385014","https://openalex.org/W2071748287","https://openalex.org/W2082183509","https://openalex.org/W2083420849","https://openalex.org/W2096819890","https://openalex.org/W2105593549","https://openalex.org/W2110907155","https://openalex.org/W2113039155","https://openalex.org/W2127278621","https://openalex.org/W2131535772","https://openalex.org/W2137007447","https://openalex.org/W2157480076","https://openalex.org/W2166159416","https://openalex.org/W2175357651","https://openalex.org/W2199142512","https://openalex.org/W2205813773","https://openalex.org/W2301816837","https://openalex.org/W2313171746","https://openalex.org/W2326620087","https://openalex.org/W2342570717","https://openalex.org/W2344094354","https://openalex.org/W2346703641","https://openalex.org/W2513580371","https://openalex.org/W2519709497","https://openalex.org/W2528487512","https://openalex.org/W2543274172","https://openalex.org/W2546565838","https://openalex.org/W2568403303","https://openalex.org/W2579603034","https://openalex.org/W2591608603","https://openalex.org/W2598002902","https://openalex.org/W2617631619","https://openalex.org/W2618656593","https://openalex.org/W2630296302","https://openalex.org/W2728389370","https://openalex.org/W2769051030","https://openalex.org/W2774015181","https://openalex.org/W2787260237","https://openalex.org/W2796629559","https://openalex.org/W2804302282","https://openalex.org/W2804851328","https://openalex.org/W2805537460","https://openalex.org/W2889881116","https://openalex.org/W2897606695","https://openalex.org/W2898479617","https://openalex.org/W2902783036","https://openalex.org/W2908732234","https://openalex.org/W2911686443","https://openalex.org/W2912530654","https://openalex.org/W2945201980","https://openalex.org/W2945505527","https://openalex.org/W2945563933","https://openalex.org/W2945957342","https://openalex.org/W2948566387","https://openalex.org/W2954935583","https://openalex.org/W2963328260","https://openalex.org/W2963483907","https://openalex.org/W2963908807","https://openalex.org/W2978353259","https://openalex.org/W2986555032","https://openalex.org/W2989802359","https://openalex.org/W3002825209","https://openalex.org/W3003430627","https://openalex.org/W3008414148","https://openalex.org/W3024596785","https://openalex.org/W3043503456","https://openalex.org/W3043805668","https://openalex.org/W3088027828","https://openalex.org/W3092072931","https://openalex.org/W3092449736","https://openalex.org/W3092503698","https://openalex.org/W3094160619","https://openalex.org/W3095646114","https://openalex.org/W3107095369","https://openalex.org/W3133969519","https://openalex.org/W3156268666","https://openalex.org/W3161945822","https://openalex.org/W3171249365","https://openalex.org/W3179608289","https://openalex.org/W3189894325","https://openalex.org/W3197854422","https://openalex.org/W3204055455","https://openalex.org/W3217296435","https://openalex.org/W4214577520","https://openalex.org/W4225524954","https://openalex.org/W4226079449","https://openalex.org/W4245674656","https://openalex.org/W4281564560","https://openalex.org/W4281666295","https://openalex.org/W4285122460","https://openalex.org/W4285248975","https://openalex.org/W4285251004","https://openalex.org/W4291653264","https://openalex.org/W4293704740","https://openalex.org/W4293731569","https://openalex.org/W4294982537","https://openalex.org/W4311926145","https://openalex.org/W4312704212","https://openalex.org/W4312892409","https://openalex.org/W4313066548","https://openalex.org/W4319763373","https://openalex.org/W4327704832","https://openalex.org/W4378628059","https://openalex.org/W4385834245","https://openalex.org/W4389252540","https://openalex.org/W4390285598","https://openalex.org/W4391582594","https://openalex.org/W4392693989","https://openalex.org/W4396523577","https://openalex.org/W6733931524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1883246888","https://openalex.org/W2168347047","https://openalex.org/W2370114625","https://openalex.org/W1756374135","https://openalex.org/W2038278056","https://openalex.org/W2947584067","https://openalex.org/W3118510577","https://openalex.org/W2280562859","https://openalex.org/W230721595","https://openalex.org/W3157230915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cascading":[0],"failures":[1,23,72,130,220],"pose":[2],"a":[3,58,85,104,150,165],"significant":[4],"security":[5,19],"threat":[6,20],"to":[7,38,45,184],"networked":[8,109],"systems,":[9,94],"with":[10],"recent":[11],"global":[12],"incidents":[13],"underscoring":[14],"their":[15,42,169,186],"destructive":[16],"potential.":[17],"The":[18,137],"of":[21,30,49,125,155,168,177,202,216],"cascading":[22,39,77,129,219],"has":[24,34],"always":[25],"existed,":[26],"but":[27],"the":[28,46,70,76,108,123,142,175,200,214],"evolution":[29,106],"cyber-physical":[31],"systems":[32],"(CPSs)":[33],"introduced":[35],"novel":[36],"dimensions":[37],"failures,":[40],"intensifying":[41],"threats":[43,56],"owing":[44],"intricate":[47],"fusion":[48],"cyber":[50,91],"and":[51,65,92,111,131,153,159,171,207],"physical":[52,93],"domains.":[53],"Addressing":[54],"these":[55,147,178,212],"requires":[57],"nuanced":[59],"understanding":[60],"achieved":[61],"through":[62],"failure":[63,78],"modeling":[64,128],"vulnerability":[66,133],"analysis.":[67],"By":[68,210],"analyzing":[69],"historical":[71],"in":[73,79,89,114,146],"different":[74],"CPSs,":[75],"CPSs":[80,217],"is":[81],"comprehensively":[82],"defined":[83],"as":[84],"complicated":[86],"propagation":[87],"process":[88],"coupled":[90],"initialized":[95],"by":[96,164],"natural":[97],"accidents":[98],"or":[99],"human":[100],"interference,":[101],"which":[102],"exhibits":[103],"progressive":[105],"within":[107,135],"structure":[110],"ultimately":[112],"results":[113],"unexpected":[115],"large-scale":[116],"systemic":[117],"failures.":[118],"Subsequently,":[119],"this":[120,191],"study":[121],"advances":[122],"development":[124],"instructions":[126],"for":[127,194],"conducting":[132],"analyses":[134],"CPSs.":[136],"examination":[138],"also":[139],"delves":[140],"into":[141],"core":[143],"challenges":[144],"inherent":[145],"methodologies.":[148],"Moreover,":[149],"comprehensive":[151],"survey":[152],"classification":[154],"extant":[156],"research":[157,196],"methodologies":[158],"solutions":[160],"are":[161,182],"undertaken,":[162],"accompanied":[163],"concise":[166],"evaluation":[167],"advancements":[170],"limitations.":[172],"To":[173],"validate":[174],"performance":[176],"methodologies,":[179],"numerical":[180],"experiments":[181],"conducted":[183],"ascertain":[185],"distinct":[187],"features.":[188],"In":[189],"conclusion,":[190],"article":[192],"advocates":[193],"future":[195],"initiatives,":[197],"particularly":[198],"emphasizing":[199],"exploration":[201],"uncertainty":[203],"analysis,":[204],"defense":[205],"strategies,":[206],"verification":[208],"platforms.":[209],"addressing":[211],"areas,":[213],"resilience":[215],"against":[218],"can":[221],"be":[222],"significantly":[223],"enhanced.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}