{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4306912953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2022.3210294","title":"ExS-GAN: Synthesizing Anti-Forensics Images via Extra Supervised GAN","display_name":"ExS-GAN: Synthesizing Anti-Forensics Images via Extra Supervised GAN","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4306912953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2022.3210294","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36264736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2022.3210294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2022.3210294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626866","display_name":"Feng Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3069-8337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3069-8337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038976810","display_name":"Zhangyi Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-6080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangyi Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-6080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091556887","display_name":"Guopu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7956-5343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guopu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7956-5343","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008386708","display_name":"Sam Kwong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-7261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105229","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc0ma20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Kwong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, China","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-7261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708","https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009595085","display_name":"Yicong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4487-6384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yicong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4487-6384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023752172","display_name":"Siwei Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0992-685X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siwei Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0992-685X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6215,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94433675,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"11","first_page":"7162","last_page":"7173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8062496781349182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5324308276176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-forensics","display_name":"Network forensics","score":0.485838383436203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-forensics","display_name":"Digital forensics","score":0.4795758128166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structuring","display_name":"Structuring","score":0.46908608078956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-forensics","display_name":"Computer forensics","score":0.4607822000980377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.4382787048816681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camouflage","display_name":"Camouflage","score":0.42823177576065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2229197919368744}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8062496781349182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5324308276176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50747538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001032","display_name":"Network forensics","level":3,"score":0.485838383436203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84418412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246940","display_name":"Digital forensics","level":2,"score":0.4795758128166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775945657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381442","display_name":"Structuring","level":2,"score":0.46908608078956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556601545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878553","display_name":"Computer forensics","level":3,"score":0.4607822000980377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.4382787048816681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776196576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196113","display_name":"Camouflage","level":2,"score":0.42823177576065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2229197919368744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2022.3210294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2022.3210294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36264736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36264736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1638665907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MYRG2022-00072-FST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Macau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1865265930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GK229909299001-019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4554350417","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1918700671","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62262041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2060695898","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2988706276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9042816 (CityU 11209819)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","funder_display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3171208677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRFCU5710011322","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3524166575","display_name":"RI: Small: A Study of New Aggregate Losses for Machine Learning","funder_award_id":"2103450","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6598627826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9042958 (CityU 11203820)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","funder_display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7484527221","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JXSQ201901075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F3692415409","funder_display_name":"Double Thousand Plan of Jiangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7809598670","display_name":"\u56fe\u50cf\u9510\u5316\u68c0\u6d4b\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61872350","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F3692415409","display_name":"Double Thousand Plan of Jiangxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/00djwmt25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321920","display_name":"Innovation and Technology Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04vf9tr09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","display_name":"Universidade de Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4554350417","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2001281158","https://openalex.org/W2009130368","https://openalex.org/W2030023819","https://openalex.org/W2030623417","https://openalex.org/W2044138810","https://openalex.org/W2046119925","https://openalex.org/W2050982421","https://openalex.org/W2081060147","https://openalex.org/W2134396947","https://openalex.org/W2148685281","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2383204925","https://openalex.org/W2407561938","https://openalex.org/W2572561073","https://openalex.org/W2572787276","https://openalex.org/W2768613569","https://openalex.org/W2774322245","https://openalex.org/W2798117183","https://openalex.org/W2799870433","https://openalex.org/W2902302451","https://openalex.org/W2911424785","https://openalex.org/W2915463112","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963021791","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963420272","https://openalex.org/W2972301798","https://openalex.org/W2972652743","https://openalex.org/W2998077213","https://openalex.org/W3009525597","https://openalex.org/W3012457981","https://openalex.org/W3142599389","https://openalex.org/W3152885445","https://openalex.org/W3157416431","https://openalex.org/W3185067909","https://openalex.org/W3202624240","https://openalex.org/W3205937945","https://openalex.org/W3208354318","https://openalex.org/W3208565045","https://openalex.org/W3212934741","https://openalex.org/W3215010342","https://openalex.org/W3215627242","https://openalex.org/W3216802946","https://openalex.org/W4220827504","https://openalex.org/W4220913010","https://openalex.org/W4244098250","https://openalex.org/W6604906609","https://openalex.org/W6608662364","https://openalex.org/W6630942332","https://openalex.org/W6637373629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238452393","https://openalex.org/W2489557937","https://openalex.org/W2161391695","https://openalex.org/W3018602826","https://openalex.org/W4385257722","https://openalex.org/W2480188389","https://openalex.org/W4240498326","https://openalex.org/W4283205458","https://openalex.org/W2972427363","https://openalex.org/W2067681493"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"So":[0],"far,":[1],"researchers":[2,54],"have":[3],"proposed":[4,114,128,144],"many":[5],"forensics":[6,26,47,53,86],"tools":[7,27,58],"to":[8,39,42,55,84],"protect":[9],"the":[10,19,44,65,69,93,103,113,127,143],"authenticity":[11],"and":[12],"integrity":[13],"of":[14,22,46,64,96],"digital":[15],"information.":[16],"However,":[17],"with":[18],"explosive":[20],"development":[21],"machine":[23],"learning,":[24],"existing":[25],"may":[28],"compromise":[29],"against":[30],"new":[31,57],"attacks":[32,119],"anytime.":[33],"Hence,":[34],"it":[35],"is":[36,50,68],"always":[37],"necessary":[38],"investigate":[40,92],"anti-forensics":[41,94,118,133],"expose":[43],"vulnerabilities":[45],"tools.":[48],"It":[49],"beneficial":[51],"for":[52,78],"develop":[56],"as":[59],"countermeasures.":[60],"To":[61],"date,":[62],"one":[63],"potential":[66],"threats":[67],"generative":[70],"adversarial":[71],"networks":[72],"(GANs),":[73],"which":[74,105],"could":[75,116,130],"be":[76],"employed":[77],"fabricating":[79],"or":[80],"forging":[81],"falsified":[82],"data":[83],"attack":[85],"detectors.":[87],"In":[88],"this":[89],"article,":[90],"we":[91],"performance":[95,134],"GANs":[97],"by":[98,125],"proposing":[99],"a":[100],"novel":[101],"model,":[102],"ExS-GAN,":[104],"features":[106],"an":[107,148],"extra":[108,145],"supervision":[109,146],"system.":[110],"After":[111],"training,":[112],"model":[115],"launch":[117],"on":[120],"various":[121],"manipulated":[122],"images.":[123],"Evaluated":[124],"experiments,":[126],"method":[129],"achieve":[131],"high":[132],"while":[135],"preserving":[136],"satisfying":[137],"image":[138],"quality.":[139],"We":[140],"also":[141],"justify":[142],"via":[147],"ablation":[149],"study.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T08:27:34.040176","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
