{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283730754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2022.3179302","title":"Neural-Network-Based Immune Optimization Regulation Using Adaptive Dynamic Programming","display_name":"Neural-Network-Based Immune Optimization Regulation Using Adaptive Dynamic Programming","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283730754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2022.3179302","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35767503"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2022.3179302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2022.3179302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002903770","display_name":"Jiayue Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7774-2606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767858","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/0380ng272","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiayue Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and the College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and the College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756","https://openalex.org/I4391767858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101958099","display_name":"Jing Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3273-8881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625790","display_name":"Huaguang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0647-4050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767858","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/0380ng272","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858","https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaguang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and the College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries and the College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756","https://openalex.org/I4391767858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090191942","display_name":"Shuhang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9928-8232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100782903","display_name":"Shun Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-3369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140515","display_name":"First Hospital of China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wjghj95","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140515"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140515","https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341602","display_name":"Jiajun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3115-7425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140515","display_name":"First Hospital of China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wjghj95","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140515","https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002903770"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767858","https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7527,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8639176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"3","first_page":"1944","last_page":"1953"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12485","display_name":"Optimism, Hope, and Well-being","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5314558744430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.5238885283470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy","display_name":"Immunotherapy","score":0.5238499641418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system","display_name":"Immune system","score":0.49442505836486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4890178143978119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.47204267978668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.47080811858177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4232342839241028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.29443347454071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2544080317020416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.195437490940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.179361492395401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology","display_name":"Immunology","score":0.1562148630619049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5314558744430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.5238885283470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.5238499641418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.49442505836486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4890178143978119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.47204267978668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.47080811858177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4232342839241028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.29443347454071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2544080317020416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.195437490940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.179361492395401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.1562148630619049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2022.3179302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2022.3179302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35767503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35767503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2036897366","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61627809","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G451589156","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFA0702200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G837822842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XLYC1801005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329895","funder_display_name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329895","display_name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W640304050","https://openalex.org/W1578630563","https://openalex.org/W1891098503","https://openalex.org/W1983523797","https://openalex.org/W1997603681","https://openalex.org/W2055300044","https://openalex.org/W2068949505","https://openalex.org/W2078977470","https://openalex.org/W2147342239","https://openalex.org/W2291165559","https://openalex.org/W2414588256","https://openalex.org/W2475651303","https://openalex.org/W2484646121","https://openalex.org/W2609750639","https://openalex.org/W2735449579","https://openalex.org/W2803973384","https://openalex.org/W2897507137","https://openalex.org/W2912326338","https://openalex.org/W2918703174","https://openalex.org/W2949510088","https://openalex.org/W2980834455","https://openalex.org/W2984240267","https://openalex.org/W2997434542","https://openalex.org/W3000437856","https://openalex.org/W3000451313","https://openalex.org/W3014535293","https://openalex.org/W3035109181","https://openalex.org/W3043661245","https://openalex.org/W3044038295","https://openalex.org/W3096135216","https://openalex.org/W3123771714","https://openalex.org/W3126334423","https://openalex.org/W3127275112","https://openalex.org/W3129522656","https://openalex.org/W3156746875","https://openalex.org/W3190445033","https://openalex.org/W4200297373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1932159282","https://openalex.org/W4285537323","https://openalex.org/W2379312070","https://openalex.org/W2136173754","https://openalex.org/W2110050003","https://openalex.org/W2953025626","https://openalex.org/W2499081552","https://openalex.org/W2366053282","https://openalex.org/W1653644965","https://openalex.org/W2128788708"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"investigates":[2],"optimal":[3],"regulation":[4],"scheme":[5],"between":[6],"tumor":[7,28,106],"and":[8,34,77,87,109,129,146],"immune":[9,39],"cells":[10,29,40,58],"based":[11],"on":[12],"the":[13,25,36,42,50,55,60,65,71,82,94,100,127,141,147,154,157],"adaptive":[14],"dynamic":[15],"programming":[16],"(ADP)":[17],"approach.":[18],"The":[19,44],"therapeutic":[20],"goal":[21],"is":[22,47,68,119],"to":[23,30,53,69,99,135,152],"inhibit":[24],"growth":[26],"of":[27,38,57,85,105,126,156],"allowable":[31],"injury":[32],"degree":[33],"maximize":[35],"number":[37,56],"in":[41,93],"meantime.":[43],"reliable":[45],"controller":[46],"derived":[48],"through":[49],"ADP":[51],"approach":[52],"make":[54],"achieve":[59],"specific":[61],"ideal":[62],"states.":[63],"First,":[64],"main":[66],"objective":[67],"weaken":[70],"negative":[72],"effect":[73],"caused":[74],"by":[75],"chemotherapy":[76,108],"immunotherapy,":[78],"which":[79,118],"means":[80],"that":[81],"minimal":[83],"dose":[84],"chemotherapeutic":[86],"immunotherapeutic":[88,110],"drugs":[89,111],"can":[90,112],"be":[91,136],"operational":[92],"treatment":[95],"process.":[96],"Second,":[97],"according":[98],"nonlinear":[101],"dynamical":[102],"mathematical":[103],"model":[104],"cells,":[107],"act":[113],"as":[114],"powerful":[115],"regulatory":[116],"measures,":[117],"a":[120],"closed-loop":[121],"control":[122,144],"behavior.":[123],"Finally,":[124],"states":[125],"system":[128],"critic":[130],"weight":[131],"errors":[132],"are":[133,150],"proved":[134],"ultimately":[137],"uniformly":[138],"bounded":[139],"with":[140],"appropriate":[142],"optimization":[143],"strategy":[145],"simulation":[148],"results":[149],"shown":[151],"demonstrate":[153],"effectiveness":[155],"cybernetics":[158],"methodology.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}