{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199647054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2021.3110402","title":"Secure Control of Networked Control Systems Using Dynamic Watermarking","display_name":"Secure Control of Networked Control Systems Using Dynamic Watermarking","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199647054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2021.3110402","mag":"3199647054","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34543220"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2021.3110402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2021.3110402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100735340","display_name":"Dajun Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2979-1507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dajun Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018162700","display_name":"Changda Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1948-6691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changda Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100372203","display_name":"Xue Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-0160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051175363","display_name":"Minrui Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7804-077X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minrui Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101930602","display_name":"Taicheng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1050-8230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taicheng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Design, University of Sussex, Brighton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Design, University of Sussex, Brighton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066119228","display_name":"Huiyu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1634-9840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiyu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100735340"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0423,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91539598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"12","first_page":"13609","last_page":"13622"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverted-pendulum","display_name":"Inverted pendulum","score":0.7123633027076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.565698504447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5462186336517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.500638484954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.46904975175857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.44618645310401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.42190277576446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.35467728972435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2647853493690491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22555619478225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21957358717918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16180753707885742}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192921069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550134","display_name":"Inverted pendulum","level":3,"score":0.7123633027076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.565698504447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5462186336517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.500638484954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.46904975175857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.44618645310401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.42190277576446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.35467728972435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2647853493690491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22555619478225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21957358717918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16180753707885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2021.3110402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2021.3110402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34543220","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34543220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2627950882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61803252","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3837850091","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D18003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4571117494","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19500712300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4707368403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61833011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G54809983","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61633016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5803096225","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20JC1414000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6760817873","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61773253","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7080948407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92067106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7631971269","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21190780300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8554241465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19510750300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1892798954","https://openalex.org/W2023439666","https://openalex.org/W2025617969","https://openalex.org/W2036033662","https://openalex.org/W2042960896","https://openalex.org/W2068740779","https://openalex.org/W2105773843","https://openalex.org/W2159214640","https://openalex.org/W2329192114","https://openalex.org/W2343541124","https://openalex.org/W2402911760","https://openalex.org/W2550453031","https://openalex.org/W2555431798","https://openalex.org/W2603165544","https://openalex.org/W2728389370","https://openalex.org/W2735265585","https://openalex.org/W2740675802","https://openalex.org/W2752217602","https://openalex.org/W2765224181","https://openalex.org/W2796244013","https://openalex.org/W2799059726","https://openalex.org/W2801815112","https://openalex.org/W2896122684","https://openalex.org/W2902384620","https://openalex.org/W2920215781","https://openalex.org/W2948535117","https://openalex.org/W2948566387","https://openalex.org/W2963445270","https://openalex.org/W2963810915","https://openalex.org/W2968774960","https://openalex.org/W2969680757","https://openalex.org/W2969886037","https://openalex.org/W2978292403","https://openalex.org/W2995984855","https://openalex.org/W3000511303","https://openalex.org/W3012282877","https://openalex.org/W3026161804","https://openalex.org/W3036816746","https://openalex.org/W3043503456","https://openalex.org/W3047473664","https://openalex.org/W3084020177","https://openalex.org/W3109569191","https://openalex.org/W6773151853","https://openalex.org/W6787207189"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361629745","https://openalex.org/W2107922825","https://openalex.org/W3094285444","https://openalex.org/W2381262728","https://openalex.org/W2111592878","https://openalex.org/W1568204688","https://openalex.org/W2122982227","https://openalex.org/W1846726187","https://openalex.org/W2387614453","https://openalex.org/W2365808414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"here":[1],"investigate":[2],"the":[3,18,21,28,31,61,70,75,83,86,90,95,101,107,117,131,141],"secure":[4],"control":[5,8],"of":[6,20,33,65,74,82,104,143],"networked":[7,136],"systems":[9],"developing":[10],"a":[11,49,66,135],"new":[12,50,127],"dynamic":[13],"watermarking":[14,96],"(DW)":[15],"scheme.":[16,129,146],"First,":[17],"weaknesses":[19],"conventional":[22],"DW":[23,51,128],"scheme":[24],"are":[25],"revealed,":[26],"and":[27,40,53,94,112],"tradeoff":[29],"between":[30,89],"effectiveness":[32,73,93],"false":[34],"data":[35],"injection":[36],"attack":[37,55],"(FDIA)":[38],"detection":[39,56,72,92],"system":[41,77,109,118,139],"performance":[42,119],"loss":[43],"is":[44,58,78,98,110],"analyzed.":[45],"Second,":[46],"we":[47],"propose":[48],"scheme,":[52],"its":[54],"capability":[57],"interrogated":[59],"using":[60,80,125],"additive":[62],"distortion":[63],"power":[64],"closed-loop":[67,76,108],"system.":[68],"Furthermore,":[69],"FDIA":[71,91,105,124],"analyzed":[79],"auto/cross-covariance":[81],"signals,":[84],"where":[85],"positive":[87],"correlation":[88],"intensity":[97],"measured.":[99],"Third,":[100],"tolerance":[102],"capacity":[103],"against":[106],"investigated,":[111],"theoretical":[113],"analysis":[114],"shows":[115],"that":[116],"can":[120],"be":[121],"recovered":[122],"from":[123,134],"our":[126,144],"Finally,":[130],"experimental":[132],"results":[133],"inverted":[137],"pendulum":[138],"demonstrate":[140],"validity":[142],"proposed":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}