{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3180427482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2021.3089337","title":"GAN-CL: Generative Adversarial Networks for Learning From Complementary Labels","display_name":"GAN-CL: Generative Adversarial Networks for Learning From Complementary Labels","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3180427482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2021.3089337","mag":"3180427482","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34270440"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2021.3089337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2021.3089337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/278695825/10.1109_tcyb.2021.3089337.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100659171","display_name":"Jiabin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6914-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155230","display_name":"Samsung (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04yt00889","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210155230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiabin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Lab, Samsung Research China Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6914-8941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab, Samsung Research China Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063805924","display_name":"Hanyuan Hang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanyuan Hang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100408141","display_name":"Bo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8054-8185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146563203","display_name":"University of International Business and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/05khqpb71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146563203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Management, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8054-8185","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Management, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146563203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334873","display_name":"Biao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8952-1990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204831749","display_name":"Southwestern University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ewct822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120314022","display_name":"Huadong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4645-628X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huadong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032861309","display_name":"Yingjie Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4675-0398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingjie Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Research Center on Fictitious Economy and Data Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center on Fictitious Economy and Data Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113542097","display_name":"Yong Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7974-1079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Research Center on Fictitious Economy and Data Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7974-1079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center on Fictitious Economy and Data Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9102,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79584813,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"1","first_page":"236","last_page":"247"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.8633740544319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cls-upper-limits","display_name":"CLs upper limits","score":0.8029559850692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7053661942481995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.662189781665802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5832934975624084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5397461652755737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5162782073020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5037469267845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4556877315044403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.4530789256095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4464516043663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34398597478866577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.8633740544319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190729725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5012817","display_name":"CLs upper limits","level":2,"score":0.8029559850692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7053661942481995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.662189781665802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5832934975624084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5397461652755737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5162782073020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5037469267845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4556877315044403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.4530789256095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4464516043663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34398597478866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2021.3089337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2021.3089337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34270440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34270440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:publications/fc9c1bd7-9ca2-4712-8115-8f023287ed96","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/fc9c1bd7-9ca2-4712-8115-8f023287ed96","pdf_url":"https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/278695825/10.1109_tcyb.2021.3089337.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Liu, J, Hang, H, Wang, B, Li, B, Wang, H, Tian, Y & Shi, Y 2023, 'GAN-CL : Generative Adversarial Networks for Learning from Complementary Labels', IEEE transactions on cybernetics, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 236-247. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2021.3089337","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:publications/fc9c1bd7-9ca2-4712-8115-8f023287ed96","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:publications/fc9c1bd7-9ca2-4712-8115-8f023287ed96","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/fc9c1bd7-9ca2-4712-8115-8f023287ed96","pdf_url":"https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/278695825/10.1109_tcyb.2021.3089337.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Liu, J, Hang, H, Wang, B, Li, B, Wang, H, Tian, Y & Shi, Y 2023, 'GAN-CL : Generative Adversarial Networks for Learning from Complementary Labels', IEEE transactions on cybernetics, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 236-247. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2021.3089337","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1829811892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CXTD10-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2383519830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CXTD10-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312338","funder_display_name":"University of International Business and Economics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4404154930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4594900739","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CXTD10-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312338","display_name":"University of International Business and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/05khqpb71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3180427482.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3180427482.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W189596042","https://openalex.org/W611457968","https://openalex.org/W1710476689","https://openalex.org/W1745334888","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1866935739","https://openalex.org/W2060300932","https://openalex.org/W2096520669","https://openalex.org/W2123958887","https://openalex.org/W2125389028","https://openalex.org/W2132442585","https://openalex.org/W2144796873","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2161816739","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2185563688","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2419501139","https://openalex.org/W2514741231","https://openalex.org/W2537231727","https://openalex.org/W2619371851","https://openalex.org/W2620395638","https://openalex.org/W2739748921","https://openalex.org/W2746791238","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2766862779","https://openalex.org/W2789677693","https://openalex.org/W2791155853","https://openalex.org/W2791587174","https://openalex.org/W2804077623","https://openalex.org/W2804078698","https://openalex.org/W2883725317","https://openalex.org/W2902986194","https://openalex.org/W2911583416","https://openalex.org/W2913283952","https://openalex.org/W2913520548","https://openalex.org/W2920582597","https://openalex.org/W2950776302","https://openalex.org/W2953070460","https://openalex.org/W2962971234","https://openalex.org/W2963341628","https://openalex.org/W2963373786","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963473212","https://openalex.org/W2963684088","https://openalex.org/W2963735582","https://openalex.org/W2963909971","https://openalex.org/W2963956526","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2964292098","https://openalex.org/W2970475648","https://openalex.org/W2971644172","https://openalex.org/W2981952612","https://openalex.org/W2990500698","https://openalex.org/W2998301463","https://openalex.org/W2998540609","https://openalex.org/W3008297311","https://openalex.org/W3039204067","https://openalex.org/W4288024349","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4298289240","https://openalex.org/W6607775107","https://openalex.org/W6639056814","https://openalex.org/W6674516588","https://openalex.org/W6677082149","https://openalex.org/W6686566240","https://openalex.org/W6717434760","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6729244039","https://openalex.org/W6729482032","https://openalex.org/W6733814495","https://openalex.org/W6734384760","https://openalex.org/W6738532226","https://openalex.org/W6738597727","https://openalex.org/W6741832134","https://openalex.org/W6746138342","https://openalex.org/W6747843811","https://openalex.org/W6749396741","https://openalex.org/W6751647823","https://openalex.org/W6751661576","https://openalex.org/W6752378368","https://openalex.org/W6755625343","https://openalex.org/W6759151479","https://openalex.org/W6765027224","https://openalex.org/W6767433964","https://openalex.org/W6770196601","https://openalex.org/W6772389607","https://openalex.org/W6778931815"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293202849","https://openalex.org/W1980965563","https://openalex.org/W1489300767","https://openalex.org/W4380714744","https://openalex.org/W2387995142","https://openalex.org/W4319453655","https://openalex.org/W2057775761","https://openalex.org/W2995777218","https://openalex.org/W4308020733","https://openalex.org/W4387323465"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learning":[0],"from":[1,93],"complementary":[2,59,120],"labels":[3],"(CLs)":[4],"is":[5,40,61],"a":[6,108],"useful":[7],"learning":[8,34,166],"paradigm,":[9],"where":[10],"the":[11,14,17,26,31,53,58,70,98,103,114,119,125,132,141,159],"CL":[12,165],"specifies":[13],"classes":[15],"that":[16],"instance":[18],"does":[19],"not":[20],"belong":[21],"to,":[22],"instead":[23],"of":[24,127,135],"providing":[25],"ground":[27],"truth":[28],"as":[29,107],"in":[30,57,100,111],"ordinary":[32,51],"supervised":[33],"scenario.":[35],"In":[36,76,95],"general,":[37],"although":[38],"it":[39],"less":[41,54,62],"laborious":[42],"and":[43,138],"more":[44],"efficient":[45],"to":[46,64,85,90,97,157],"collect":[47],"CLs":[48],"compared":[49,162],"with":[50,113,118,163],"labels,":[52],"informative":[55],"signal":[56],"supervision":[60],"helpful":[63],"learn":[65,92],"competent":[66],"feature":[67],"representation.":[68],"Consequently,":[69],"final":[71],"classifier's":[72],"performance":[73],"greatly":[74],"deteriorates.":[75],"this":[77],"article,":[78],"we":[79,130],"leverage":[80],"generative":[81],"adversarial":[82],"networks":[83],"(GANs)":[84],"derive":[86],"an":[87],"algorithm":[88],"GAN-CL":[89,142],"effectively":[91],"CLs.":[94],"addition":[96],"role":[99],"original":[101],"GAN,":[102],"discriminator":[104,139],"also":[105],"serves":[106],"normal":[109],"classifier":[110],"GAN-CL,":[112],"objective":[115],"constructed":[116],"partly":[117],"information.":[121],"To":[122],"further":[123],"prove":[124],"effectiveness":[126],"our":[128],"schema,":[129],"study":[131],"global":[133],"optimality":[134],"both":[136],"generator":[137],"for":[140],"under":[143],"mild":[144],"assumptions.":[145],"We":[146],"conduct":[147],"extensive":[148],"experiments":[149],"on":[150],"benchmark":[151],"image":[152],"datasets":[153],"using":[154],"deep":[155],"models,":[156],"demonstrate":[158],"compelling":[160],"improvements,":[161],"state-of-the-art":[164],"approaches.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-21T08:15:58.654021","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}