{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3165209762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2021.3070577","title":"A Spectral-Spatial-Dependent Global Learning Framework for Insufficient and Imbalanced Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"A Spectral-Spatial-Dependent Global Learning Framework for Insufficient and Imbalanced Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3165209762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2021.3070577","mag":"3165209762","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34033562"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2021.3070577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2021.3070577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.14327","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079862010","display_name":"Qiqi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5339-0829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiqi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036117166","display_name":"Weihuan Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4146-1941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihuan Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000877601","display_name":"Zhuo Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1811-6725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754351","display_name":"Yanfei Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-5850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfei Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063647157","display_name":"Qingfeng Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7392-3709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingfeng Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068749475","display_name":"Weihua Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2982-3284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihua Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673818","display_name":"Liangpei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-3650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangpei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070369693","display_name":"Deren Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7277-6356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deren Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079862010"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.4361,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":171,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99364646,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"11","first_page":"11709","last_page":"11723"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9297000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.8605443835258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7567424178123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.695468544960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6931490898132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6862618327140808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.6288386583328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.5739454627037048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5707192420959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.534637451171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49554550647735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.48939433693885803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-contextual-awareness","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","score":0.4256448745727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4236822724342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4066725969314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09723085165023804}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.8605443835258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7567424178123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.695468544960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6931490898132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6862618327140808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.6288386583328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.5739454627037048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5707192420959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.534637451171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49554550647735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.48939433693885803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64754055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574053","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","level":2,"score":0.4256448745727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4236822724342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4066725969314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09723085165023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2021.3070577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2021.3070577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34033562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34033562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.14327","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.14327","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.14327","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.14327","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.14327","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.14327","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2798699350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KLIGIP-2019A02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F8678731271","funder_display_name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6674607238","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41901306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326832","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F8678731271","display_name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1799946925","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2043665634","https://openalex.org/W2052160904","https://openalex.org/W2072187267","https://openalex.org/W2090424610","https://openalex.org/W2103094532","https://openalex.org/W2158400785","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2417947228","https://openalex.org/W2518815253","https://openalex.org/W2589840226","https://openalex.org/W2598997103","https://openalex.org/W2600746131","https://openalex.org/W2603834682","https://openalex.org/W2609880332","https://openalex.org/W2611452721","https://openalex.org/W2613575128","https://openalex.org/W2614256707","https://openalex.org/W2614326984","https://openalex.org/W2620547787","https://openalex.org/W2732412926","https://openalex.org/W2764276316","https://openalex.org/W2767805377","https://openalex.org/W2768975974","https://openalex.org/W2770315464","https://openalex.org/W2792332881","https://openalex.org/W2794954404","https://openalex.org/W2808098982","https://openalex.org/W2883589384","https://openalex.org/W2894561647","https://openalex.org/W2908349615","https://openalex.org/W2937615289","https://openalex.org/W2940678725","https://openalex.org/W2941387379","https://openalex.org/W2944413439","https://openalex.org/W2948157022","https://openalex.org/W2950185713","https://openalex.org/W2962933664","https://openalex.org/W2963691377","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2993134750","https://openalex.org/W2995197345","https://openalex.org/W2999446243","https://openalex.org/W3000978536","https://openalex.org/W3004925702","https://openalex.org/W3006984222","https://openalex.org/W3007536931","https://openalex.org/W3034601242","https://openalex.org/W3100826601","https://openalex.org/W3101640299","https://openalex.org/W3103753223","https://openalex.org/W3104795559","https://openalex.org/W3105357426","https://openalex.org/W3111683216","https://openalex.org/W4240485910","https://openalex.org/W4320339642","https://openalex.org/W6768920361"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3095152779","https://openalex.org/W3128220219","https://openalex.org/W3047363187","https://openalex.org/W3119773509","https://openalex.org/W3177373753","https://openalex.org/W3208297503","https://openalex.org/W2889153461","https://openalex.org/W2964117661","https://openalex.org/W4388405611","https://openalex.org/W2619127353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0,36],"learning":[1,37,46,53,89],"techniques":[2],"have":[3,13],"been":[4],"widely":[5],"applied":[6],"to":[7,62,130,151,172,201],"hyperspectral":[8],"image":[9],"(HSI)":[10],"classification":[11,41,60],"and":[12,28,101,111,123,194,198],"achieved":[14],"great":[15],"success.":[16],"However,":[17,67],"the":[18,73,78,94,117,124,132,146,153,162,167,187],"deep":[19],"neural":[20],"network":[21],"model":[22],"has":[23,69,189],"a":[24,30,44,49,86],"large":[25,31],"parameter":[26],"space":[27],"requires":[29],"number":[32],"of":[33,142,157],"labeled":[34],"data.":[35],"methods":[38],"for":[39,58,109],"HSI":[40,59,113,183],"usually":[42],"follow":[43],"patchwise":[45],"framework.":[47],"Recently,":[48],"fast":[50],"patch-free":[51],"global":[52,63,88,95,102],"(FPGA)":[54],"architecture":[55],"was":[56],"proposed":[57,108,129,171],"according":[61],"spatial":[64],"context":[65],"information.":[66],"FPGA":[68],"difficulty":[70],"in":[71,192],"extracting":[72],"most":[74,163],"discriminative":[75,164],"features":[76],"when":[77],"sample":[79,134,196],"data":[80],"are":[81,128],"imbalanced.":[82],"In":[83,115],"this":[84],"article,":[85],"spectral-spatial-dependent":[87],"(SSDGL)":[90],"framework":[91],"based":[92],"on":[93],"convolutional":[96],"long":[97,154],"short-term":[98,155],"memory":[99],"(GCL)":[100],"joint":[103],"attention":[104,174],"mechanism":[105],"(GJAM)":[106],"is":[107,149,170,199],"insufficient":[110,193],"imbalanced":[112,133,195],"classification.":[114],"SSDGL,":[116],"hierarchically":[118],"balanced":[119],"(H-B)":[120],"sampling":[121],"strategy":[122],"weighted":[125],"softmax":[126],"loss":[127],"address":[131],"problem.":[135],"To":[136,160],"effectively":[137],"distinguish":[138],"similar":[139],"spectral":[140,158],"characteristics":[141],"land":[143],"cover":[144],"types,":[145],"GCL":[147],"module":[148,169],"introduced":[150],"extract":[152,173],"dependency":[156],"features.":[159],"learn":[161],"feature":[165],"representations,":[166],"GJAM":[168],"areas.":[175],"The":[176],"experimental":[177],"results":[178],"obtained":[179],"with":[180],"three":[181],"public":[182],"datasets":[184],"show":[185],"that":[186],"SSDGL":[188],"powerful":[190],"performance":[191],"problems":[197],"superior":[200],"other":[202],"state-of-the-art":[203],"methods.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}