{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093660915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2020.3025757","title":"Regularization on Augmented Data to Diversify Sparse Representation for Robust Image Classification","display_name":"Regularization on Augmented Data to Diversify Sparse Representation for Robust Image Classification","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093660915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2020.3025757","mag":"3093660915","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33085628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2020.3025757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2020.3025757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052292368","display_name":"Shaoning Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-8787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93477617","display_name":"Huizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q3s7962","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93477617"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaoning Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou, China","Department of Computer and Information Science, Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Research Group, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-8787","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93477617"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Research Group, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048088901","display_name":"Bob Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2497-9519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bob Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Research Group, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Research Group, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jianping Gou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8438-7286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping Gou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8438-7286","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359961","display_name":"Yong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-2123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-2123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052292368"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I93477617"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6759,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96352396,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"6","first_page":"4935","last_page":"4948"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-approximation","display_name":"Sparse approximation","score":0.7075842618942261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7037566900253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.6956390142440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6127616763114929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5968809127807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5139660239219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-data","display_name":"Synthetic data","score":0.44721508026123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4439725875854492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124066611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28684319","display_name":"Sparse approximation","level":2,"score":0.7075842618942261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7037566900253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6956390142440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6127616763114929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5968809127807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5139660239219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.44721508026123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4439725875854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2020.3025757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2020.3025757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33085628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33085628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3406750037","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5071687035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MYRG2018-00053-FST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Macau"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","display_name":"Universidade de Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191001584","https://openalex.org/W1950843348","https://openalex.org/W1963932623","https://openalex.org/W1964494592","https://openalex.org/W2019464758","https://openalex.org/W2023163512","https://openalex.org/W2025183033","https://openalex.org/W2027805700","https://openalex.org/W2034365297","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2100931213","https://openalex.org/W2122825543","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2130187411","https://openalex.org/W2132467081","https://openalex.org/W2149614431","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2242218935","https://openalex.org/W2298605637","https://openalex.org/W2329530008","https://openalex.org/W2460583509","https://openalex.org/W2471678645","https://openalex.org/W2474352580","https://openalex.org/W2520742745","https://openalex.org/W2530842534","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2561057809","https://openalex.org/W2576821058","https://openalex.org/W2606063865","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2617561348","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2770173563","https://openalex.org/W2794208501","https://openalex.org/W2803337603","https://openalex.org/W2811120218","https://openalex.org/W2886851211","https://openalex.org/W2894931878","https://openalex.org/W2898047322","https://openalex.org/W2902512195","https://openalex.org/W2905340164","https://openalex.org/W2905631612","https://openalex.org/W2915962332","https://openalex.org/W2948513144","https://openalex.org/W2963216120","https://openalex.org/W2963306805","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963468256","https://openalex.org/W2963559058","https://openalex.org/W2963689635","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2964294898","https://openalex.org/W2965757618","https://openalex.org/W2981778182","https://openalex.org/W2994840989","https://openalex.org/W2995732134","https://openalex.org/W3172851589","https://openalex.org/W4205712406","https://openalex.org/W6675195331","https://openalex.org/W6684281949","https://openalex.org/W6702351328","https://openalex.org/W6744093492","https://openalex.org/W6744097144","https://openalex.org/W6755458761","https://openalex.org/W6757811874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W3154990682","https://openalex.org/W2560201613","https://openalex.org/W2171975302","https://openalex.org/W2022352247","https://openalex.org/W2488129135","https://openalex.org/W4312219546","https://openalex.org/W2377538627","https://openalex.org/W2107220315","https://openalex.org/W4287067567"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"classification":[1,14],"is":[2],"a":[3,17,54,65,99],"fundamental":[4],"component":[5],"in":[6,56,76,116,178],"modern":[7],"computer":[8],"vision":[9],"systems,":[10,32],"where":[11],"sparse":[12,30,87,150],"representation-based":[13,88],"has":[15],"drawn":[16],"lot":[18],"of":[19,29],"attention":[20],"due":[21],"to":[22,52,84,147],"its":[23,176],"robustness.":[24],"However,":[25],"on":[26,69,118,145,184],"the":[27,77,80,92,119,125,149,170],"optimization":[28],"learning":[31],"regularization":[33,46,68,130],"and":[34,47,131,136,161,174,187],"data":[35,48,71,78,94,122,132,172],"augmentation":[36,49,82,133,173],"are":[37,95,134],"both":[38,153],"powerful,":[39],"but":[40],"currently":[41],"isolated.":[42],"We":[43,139],"believe":[44],"that":[45,129,191],"can":[50],"cooperate":[51],"generate":[53],"breakthrough":[55],"robust":[57,86],"image":[58,89],"classification.":[59,90],"In":[60],"this":[61],"article,":[62],"we":[63],"propose":[64],"novel":[66],"framework,":[67],"augmented":[70,120],"(READ),":[72],"which":[73],"creates":[74],"diversification":[75],"using":[79,198],"generic":[81,171],"techniques":[83],"implement":[85],"When":[91],"training":[93,121],"augmented,":[96],"READ":[97,192],"applies":[98],"distinct":[100],"regularizer,":[101],"<inline-formula":[102,109,154,162],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[103,110,155,163],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[104,111,156,164],"<tex-math":[105,112,157,165],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$l_{1}$":[106,158],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[107,114,159,167],"or":[108],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$l_{2}$":[113,166],",":[115],"particular,":[117],"apart":[123],"from":[124],"original":[126],"data,":[127],"so":[128],"utilized":[135],"enhanced":[137],"synchronously.":[138],"introduce":[140],"an":[141],"elaborate":[142],"theoretical":[143],"analysis":[144],"how":[146],"optimize":[148],"representation":[151],"by":[152],"-norm":[160,168],"with":[169],"demonstrate":[175],"performance":[177],"extensive":[179],"experiments.":[180],"The":[181],"results":[182],"obtained":[183],"several":[185],"facial":[186],"object":[188],"datasets":[189],"show":[190],"outperforms":[193],"many":[194],"state-of-the-art":[195],"methods":[196],"when":[197],"deep":[199],"features.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}