{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3089913216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2020.3020630","title":"An Adaptive Reference Vector-Guided Evolutionary Algorithm Using Growing Neural Gas for Many-Objective Optimization of Irregular Problems","display_name":"An Adaptive Reference Vector-Guided Evolutionary Algorithm Using Growing Neural Gas for Many-Objective Optimization of Irregular Problems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3089913216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2020.3020630","mag":"3089913216","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33001813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2020.3020630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2020.3020630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042399424","display_name":"Qiqi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1587-5515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiqi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1587-5515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032314861","display_name":"Yaochu Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1100-0631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaochu Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1100-0631","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007468179","display_name":"Martin Heiderich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112253","display_name":"Honda (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/022c1xk47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283473643","https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Heiderich","raw_affiliation_strings":["FTR Department, Honda R&#x0026;D Europe (Deutschland) GmbH, Offenbach, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FTR Department, Honda R&#x0026;D Europe (Deutschland) GmbH, Offenbach, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035862608","display_name":"Tobias Rodemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6256-0060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112253","display_name":"Honda (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/022c1xk47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283473643","https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Rodemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["FTR Department, Honda Research Institute Europe, Offenbach, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6256-0060","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FTR Department, Honda Research Institute Europe, Offenbach, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053841201","display_name":"Guo Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-8202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-8202","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9925,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":155,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98285998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"5","first_page":"2698","last_page":"2711"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11115","display_name":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6629477739334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pareto-principle","display_name":"Pareto principle","score":0.6381572484970093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.61815345287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.6177916526794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5305522084236145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.49456116557121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.49090391397476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.48351624608039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.42918193340301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-gas","display_name":"Neural gas","score":0.4221465587615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.41645175218582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4149777889251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-optimization","display_name":"Global optimization","score":0.4134931266307831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.41240188479423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36812037229537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21349340677261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.1203865110874176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6629477739334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137635306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667","display_name":"Pareto principle","level":2,"score":0.6381572484970093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.61815345287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6177916526794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5305522084236145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49456116557121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.49090391397476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.48351624608039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42918193340301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90322556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981169","display_name":"Neural gas","level":4,"score":0.4221465587615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.41645175218582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4149777889251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164752517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570875","display_name":"Global optimization","level":2,"score":0.4134931266307831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.41240188479423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36812037229537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21349340677261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.1203865110874176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000067397","descriptor_name":"Nerve Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000067397","descriptor_name":"Nerve Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000067397","descriptor_name":"Nerve Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2020.3020630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2020.3020630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33001813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33001813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.44SUR_INST:11138785970002346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:epubs.surrey.ac.uk:858540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/858540/1/An%20Adaptive%20Reference%20Vector%20Guided%20Evolutionary%20Algorithm%20-%20AAM.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400680","display_name":"Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","host_organization_name":"University of Surrey","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.uni-bielefeld.de:2978341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2978341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401624","display_name":"Publikationen an der Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld (Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61339854","https://openalex.org/W224959492","https://openalex.org/W225560312","https://openalex.org/W1484287363","https://openalex.org/W1493761729","https://openalex.org/W1522538275","https://openalex.org/W1560851313","https://openalex.org/W1588375755","https://openalex.org/W1856614156","https://openalex.org/W1977556410","https://openalex.org/W1990517717","https://openalex.org/W2018344446","https://openalex.org/W2023685757","https://openalex.org/W2038420231","https://openalex.org/W2058142975","https://openalex.org/W2067544246","https://openalex.org/W2071694551","https://openalex.org/W2072661909","https://openalex.org/W2085507535","https://openalex.org/W2094084300","https://openalex.org/W2096166399","https://openalex.org/W2102365077","https://openalex.org/W2108968575","https://openalex.org/W2116858902","https://openalex.org/W2120091775","https://openalex.org/W2128357515","https://openalex.org/W2138754805","https://openalex.org/W2143185749","https://openalex.org/W2143381319","https://openalex.org/W2148157839","https://openalex.org/W2153233077","https://openalex.org/W2153654820","https://openalex.org/W2183043622","https://openalex.org/W2292054452","https://openalex.org/W2343601797","https://openalex.org/W2469950730","https://openalex.org/W2558581367","https://openalex.org/W2588272390","https://openalex.org/W2599937626","https://openalex.org/W2609579687","https://openalex.org/W2735649024","https://openalex.org/W2751605210","https://openalex.org/W2764251381","https://openalex.org/W2798139910","https://openalex.org/W2805714916","https://openalex.org/W2806920391","https://openalex.org/W2819774736","https://openalex.org/W2888338796","https://openalex.org/W2888790369","https://openalex.org/W2906642565","https://openalex.org/W2911840209","https://openalex.org/W2932748297","https://openalex.org/W2953848868","https://openalex.org/W2963586865","https://openalex.org/W2967453405","https://openalex.org/W2997377643","https://openalex.org/W3000629955","https://openalex.org/W3011561584","https://openalex.org/W3021941015","https://openalex.org/W3023559047","https://openalex.org/W3026407107","https://openalex.org/W3101214305","https://openalex.org/W4300664287","https://openalex.org/W6631460888","https://openalex.org/W6635433731","https://openalex.org/W6680294583","https://openalex.org/W6752324147","https://openalex.org/W6772757830","https://openalex.org/W6773066614","https://openalex.org/W6776587525","https://openalex.org/W6776858805","https://openalex.org/W6777862613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2477876258","https://openalex.org/W4385571797","https://openalex.org/W2571293944","https://openalex.org/W2042963964","https://openalex.org/W2377941745","https://openalex.org/W2564248808","https://openalex.org/W2022485595","https://openalex.org/W2043537261","https://openalex.org/W107491787","https://openalex.org/W2351380831"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"reference":[1,28,46,67,75,103],"vector-based":[2],"decomposition":[3],"algorithms":[4,54],"for":[5,15,52,126],"solving":[6,16],"multiobjective":[7],"optimization":[8],"problems":[9,17,181],"may":[10,30],"not":[11,31],"be":[12],"well":[13,33,157],"suited":[14],"with":[18,34,57,133,190],"irregular":[19,58,193],"Pareto":[20],"fronts":[21],"(PFs)":[22],"because":[23],"the":[24,35,38,42,45,66,71,74,82,85,99,102,106,128,131,134,141,145,150,153,165,197],"distribution":[25,36,100],"of":[26,37,44,73,84,101,130,140],"predefined":[27],"vectors":[29,47,68,76,104],"match":[32],"Pareto-optimal":[39],"solutions.":[40],"Thus,":[41],"adaptation":[43],"is":[48,124,200],"an":[49,121],"intuitive":[50],"way":[51],"decomposition-based":[53],"to":[55,97,112,163,167],"deal":[56],"PFs.":[59],"However,":[60],"most":[61],"existing":[62],"methods":[63],"frequently":[64],"change":[65],"based":[69],"on":[70,178],"activeness":[72],"within":[77],"specific":[78],"generations,":[79],"slowing":[80],"down":[81],"convergence":[83],"search":[86,142],"process.":[87],"To":[88,118],"address":[89],"this":[90,119],"issue,":[91],"we":[92],"propose":[93],"a":[94,138,169,183],"new":[95],"method":[96,199],"learn":[98],"using":[105],"growing":[107],"neural":[108],"gas":[109],"(GNG)":[110],"network":[111],"achieve":[113],"automatic":[114],"yet":[115],"stable":[116],"adaptation.":[117],"end,":[120],"improved":[122],"GNG":[123,166],"designed":[125],"learning":[127],"topology":[129],"PFs":[132,194],"solutions":[135],"generated":[136],"during":[137],"period":[139],"process":[143],"as":[144,156,158],"training":[146],"data.":[147],"We":[148],"use":[149],"individuals":[151],"in":[152,160],"current":[154],"population":[155],"those":[159],"previous":[161],"generations":[162],"train":[164],"strike":[168],"balance":[170],"between":[171],"exploration":[172],"and":[173,182,192],"exploitation.":[174],"Comparative":[175],"studies":[176],"conducted":[177],"popular":[179],"benchmark":[180],"real-world":[184],"hybrid":[185],"vehicle":[186],"controller":[187],"design":[188],"problem":[189],"complex":[191],"show":[195],"that":[196],"proposed":[198],"very":[201],"competitive.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
