{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009350896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2020.2974688","title":"A Multimodal Emotional Human\u2013Robot Interaction Architecture for Social Robots Engaged in Bidirectional Communication","display_name":"A Multimodal Emotional Human\u2013Robot Interaction Architecture for Social Robots Engaged in Bidirectional Communication","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009350896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2020.2974688","mag":"3009350896","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32149676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2020.2974688","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2020.2974688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057843387","display_name":"Alexander Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-6584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042484154","display_name":"Nolan Lunscher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nolan Lunscher","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050342030","display_name":"Tianhao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0670-6744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianhao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070013851","display_name":"Yuma Tsuboi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuma Tsuboi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381534","display_name":"Xinyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5216-2093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101666470","display_name":"Silas Franco dos Reis Alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0380-0102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silas Franco dos Reis Alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061187299","display_name":"Goldie Nejat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7080-6857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goldie Nejat","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010515295","display_name":"B. Benhabib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5097-3965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beno Benhabib","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057843387"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7688,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":111,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98139715,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"12","first_page":"5954","last_page":"5968"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13289","display_name":"Infant Health and Development","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3611","display_name":"Pharmacy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.6917060613632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6607493758201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5960990786552429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.5936239957809448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5860791802406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanoid-robot","display_name":"Humanoid robot","score":0.5135136246681213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.489734411239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arousal","display_name":"Arousal","score":0.46352607011795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.45552074909210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.35992199182510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35929587483406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3335108757019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.2520642578601837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-control","display_name":"Robot control","score":0.21546953916549683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.19127029180526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.14730101823806763}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.6917060613632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6607493758201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5960990786552429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.5936239957809448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5860791802406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60692881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584529","display_name":"Humanoid robot","level":3,"score":0.5135136246681213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.489734411239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36951298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784","display_name":"Arousal","level":2,"score":0.46352607011795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.45552074909210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35992199182510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35929587483406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3335108757019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.2520642578601837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.21546953916549683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.19127029180526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.14730101823806763}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000083505","descriptor_name":"Social Interaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000083505","descriptor_name":"Social Interaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000083505","descriptor_name":"Social Interaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2020.2974688","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2020.2974688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32149676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32149676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315912","display_name":"Consortium canadien en neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rescence associ\u00e9e au vieillissement","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","display_name":"Canada Research Chairs","ror":"https://ror.org/0517h6h17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":106,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8961349","https://openalex.org/W109922458","https://openalex.org/W1540163646","https://openalex.org/W1637016997","https://openalex.org/W1666382007","https://openalex.org/W1894599555","https://openalex.org/W1963700389","https://openalex.org/W1976318170","https://openalex.org/W1978847468","https://openalex.org/W1997060370","https://openalex.org/W1997318488","https://openalex.org/W1997753914","https://openalex.org/W1997983973","https://openalex.org/W2013040441","https://openalex.org/W2016433830","https://openalex.org/W2017574671","https://openalex.org/W2019608648","https://openalex.org/W2021631361","https://openalex.org/W2022444607","https://openalex.org/W2022964551","https://openalex.org/W2023397245","https://openalex.org/W2024647503","https://openalex.org/W2031928689","https://openalex.org/W2038718952","https://openalex.org/W2043230389","https://openalex.org/W2049787073","https://openalex.org/W2054560711","https://openalex.org/W2055582852","https://openalex.org/W2063369288","https://openalex.org/W2065379720","https://openalex.org/W2078951341","https://openalex.org/W2080394568","https://openalex.org/W2084263387","https://openalex.org/W2086586329","https://openalex.org/W2094274886","https://openalex.org/W2095797119","https://openalex.org/W2107865346","https://openalex.org/W2108615342","https://openalex.org/W2109543807","https://openalex.org/W2115845871","https://openalex.org/W2117645142","https://openalex.org/W2120945046","https://openalex.org/W2122348661","https://openalex.org/W2123952992","https://openalex.org/W2126554711","https://openalex.org/W2126969072","https://openalex.org/W2129309107","https://openalex.org/W2130544131","https://openalex.org/W2131123711","https://openalex.org/W2136930480","https://openalex.org/W2137577228","https://openalex.org/W2140527237","https://openalex.org/W2146799102","https://openalex.org/W2147272821","https://openalex.org/W2149628368","https://openalex.org/W2149731110","https://openalex.org/W2153189295","https://openalex.org/W2154990411","https://openalex.org/W2159856586","https://openalex.org/W2164780916","https://openalex.org/W2165287812","https://openalex.org/W2165857685","https://openalex.org/W2191285365","https://openalex.org/W2265435582","https://openalex.org/W2304108689","https://openalex.org/W2308596687","https://openalex.org/W2324956000","https://openalex.org/W2338355707","https://openalex.org/W2344359606","https://openalex.org/W2387787538","https://openalex.org/W2516508966","https://openalex.org/W2518587879","https://openalex.org/W2525648609","https://openalex.org/W2547718374","https://openalex.org/W2592724114","https://openalex.org/W2619647993","https://openalex.org/W2714696701","https://openalex.org/W2735071725","https://openalex.org/W2751332716","https://openalex.org/W2757278639","https://openalex.org/W2766654026","https://openalex.org/W2766926848","https://openalex.org/W2783103596","https://openalex.org/W2783274584","https://openalex.org/W2788731403","https://openalex.org/W2791904197","https://openalex.org/W2792002502","https://openalex.org/W2800651388","https://openalex.org/W2803193013","https://openalex.org/W2808512042","https://openalex.org/W2811381719","https://openalex.org/W2896144051","https://openalex.org/W2926366943","https://openalex.org/W2954688322","https://openalex.org/W2962907857","https://openalex.org/W2972273766","https://openalex.org/W2991147710","https://openalex.org/W4233450617","https://openalex.org/W4240195433","https://openalex.org/W4245744384","https://openalex.org/W4246259606","https://openalex.org/W4251867726","https://openalex.org/W4253684965","https://openalex.org/W6681952182","https://openalex.org/W6700945092","https://openalex.org/W6729884685"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2542221445","https://openalex.org/W2752001351","https://openalex.org/W4293926484","https://openalex.org/W177694623","https://openalex.org/W2153355016","https://openalex.org/W2953790200","https://openalex.org/W2051792111","https://openalex.org/W2079685522","https://openalex.org/W4312511060","https://openalex.org/W3181705171"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"social":[1,52],"robots":[2,172],"to":[3,12,15,21,42,89,122,132],"effectively":[4,174],"engage":[5],"in":[6],"human-robot":[7],"interaction":[8],"(HRI),":[9],"they":[10],"need":[11],"be":[13],"able":[14],"interpret":[16],"human":[17,56],"affective":[18],"cues":[19],"and":[20,45,54,69,72,107,125,207],"respond":[22],"appropriately":[23,188],"via":[24,95,117],"display":[25],"of":[26,66,102,164],"their":[27],"own":[28,92,191],"emotional":[29,39,48,93,99,150,192],"behavior.":[30],"In":[31,130],"this":[32],"article,":[33],"we":[34],"present":[35],"a":[36,51,55,63,78,118,139],"novel":[37],"multimodal":[38,73],"HRI":[40,157],"architecture":[41,113],"promote":[43],"natural":[44],"engaging":[46],"bidirectional":[47],"communications":[49],"between":[50],"robot":[53,121],"user.":[57],"User":[58],"affect":[59,88,177],"is":[60,75],"detected":[61],"using":[62,77],"unique":[64],"combination":[65],"body":[67],"language":[68],"vocal":[70],"intonation,":[71],"classification":[74],"performed":[76],"Bayesian":[79],"Network.":[80],"The":[81,111],"Emotionally":[82,135,184],"Expressive":[83,136,185],"Robot":[84,141,186],"utilizes":[85],"the":[86,134,179,183,196,212],"user's":[87],"determine":[90,189],"its":[91,190],"behavior":[94],"an":[96,149],"innovative":[97],"two-layer":[98],"model":[100],"consisting":[101],"deliberative":[103],"(hidden":[104],"Markov":[105],"model)":[106],"reactive":[108],"(rule-based)":[109],"layers.":[110],"proposed":[112],"has":[114],"been":[115],"implemented":[116],"small":[119],"humanoid":[120],"perform":[123],"diet":[124],"fitness":[126],"counseling":[127],"during":[128,178],"HRI.":[129,181],"order":[131],"evaluate":[133],"Robot's":[137],"effectiveness,":[138],"Neutral":[140,213],"that":[142,170],"can":[143,173,187],"detect":[144,175],"user":[145,176,204],"affects":[146],"but":[147],"lacks":[148],"display,":[151],"was":[152,159],"also":[153],"developed.":[154],"A":[155],"between-subjects":[156],"experiment":[158],"conducted":[160],"with":[161],"both":[162,171],"types":[163],"robots.":[165],"Extensive":[166],"results":[167],"have":[168],"shown":[169],"real-time":[180],"However,":[182],"response":[193],"based":[194],"on":[195],"situation":[197],"at":[198],"hand":[199],"and,":[200],"therefore,":[201],"induce":[202],"more":[203],"positive":[205],"valence":[206],"less":[208],"negative":[209],"arousal":[210],"than":[211],"Robot.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}