{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3003457302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2020.2964757","title":"Hierarchical Spatiotemporal Context-Aware Correlation Filters for Visual Tracking","display_name":"Hierarchical Spatiotemporal Context-Aware Correlation Filters for Visual Tracking","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3003457302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2020.2964757","mag":"3003457302","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32011277"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2020.2964757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2020.2964757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072622767","display_name":"Wuwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0518-709X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wuwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019","an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0518-709X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040751681","display_name":"Ke Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0628-0416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","an, China","National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090763784","display_name":"Meibo Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9781-5462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meibo Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019","an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432452","display_name":"Jingyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-1938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","an, China","National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-1938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flight Dynamics, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072622767"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9624,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88361297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"12","first_page":"6066","last_page":"6079"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9577000141143799,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7711804509162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.7613751292228699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.760844349861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6967253684997559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.663500964641571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.6225296854972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.5124662518501282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5062843561172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4785335958003998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46441787481307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4584282636642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4504198133945465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-appearance-model","display_name":"Active appearance model","score":0.4471394121646881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.44117802381515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11779877543449402}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7711804509162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.7613751292228699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.760844349861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6967253684997559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.663500964641571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.6225296854972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.5124662518501282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5062843561172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4785335958003998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46441787481307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4584282636642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4504198133945465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.4471394121646881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44117802381515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11779877543449402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2020.2964757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2020.2964757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32011277","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32011277","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1530037185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976179","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4347962660","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61502391","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7761990065","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61936014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8878230212","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1305702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161114242","https://openalex.org/W182940129","https://openalex.org/W818325216","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1857884451","https://openalex.org/W1892578678","https://openalex.org/W1904671147","https://openalex.org/W1908905119","https://openalex.org/W1915599933","https://openalex.org/W1955514522","https://openalex.org/W1955741794","https://openalex.org/W1964846093","https://openalex.org/W1997121481","https://openalex.org/W2089961441","https://openalex.org/W2124211486","https://openalex.org/W2149829493","https://openalex.org/W2154889144","https://openalex.org/W2158592639","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2164278908","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2214352687","https://openalex.org/W2244252896","https://openalex.org/W2244956674","https://openalex.org/W2408241409","https://openalex.org/W2469582947","https://openalex.org/W2470394683","https://openalex.org/W2473868734","https://openalex.org/W2474516676","https://openalex.org/W2509359898","https://openalex.org/W2518013266","https://openalex.org/W2518876086","https://openalex.org/W2520477759","https://openalex.org/W2557641257","https://openalex.org/W2599547527","https://openalex.org/W2681067697","https://openalex.org/W2748261474","https://openalex.org/W2770465446","https://openalex.org/W2771430809","https://openalex.org/W2798842862","https://openalex.org/W2807478380","https://openalex.org/W2810033788","https://openalex.org/W2894176037","https://openalex.org/W2912058580","https://openalex.org/W2916780012","https://openalex.org/W2962864296","https://openalex.org/W2963249584","https://openalex.org/W2963571423","https://openalex.org/W2964069521","https://openalex.org/W2964111344","https://openalex.org/W2987346479","https://openalex.org/W3102405604","https://openalex.org/W4252672127","https://openalex.org/W6623108133","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6720898849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2803618243","https://openalex.org/W3020706491","https://openalex.org/W4385454113","https://openalex.org/W2804764393","https://openalex.org/W4386114301","https://openalex.org/W4386158955","https://openalex.org/W4384788979","https://openalex.org/W2511178891","https://openalex.org/W256589335","https://openalex.org/W2012200063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Discriminative":[0],"correlation":[1,33,113,151,163],"filters":[2,152,164],"(DCF)-based":[3],"trackers":[4,221,234],"have":[5,42],"been":[6],"increasingly":[7],"applied":[8],"to":[9,13,46,86,170,230],"visual":[10,154],"tracking":[11,73,88,200],"due":[12],"their":[14],"high":[15,20],"precision":[16],"while":[17,185],"running":[18],"at":[19],"frame":[21],"rates.":[22],"However,":[23],"most":[24],"recent":[25],"DCF-based":[26],"methods":[27],"solely":[28],"concentrate":[29],"on":[30,235],"learning":[31],"the":[32,48,51,54,77,80,107,138,168,178,182,188,195,199,214],"filter":[34,114],"with":[35,207,222],"spatial":[36,112],"information":[37],"and":[38,62,82,90,135,144,193,225,239],"thus":[39],"do":[40],"not":[41],"sufficient":[43],"descriptive":[44],"power":[45],"discriminate":[47],"target":[49,64,81,183],"from":[50,116],"background":[52],"in":[53,99],"complex":[55],"circumstances,":[56],"such":[57],"as":[58],"full":[59],"occlusion":[60],"(OCC)":[61],"rapid":[63],"variation.":[65],"In":[66],"this":[67],"article,":[68],"we":[69,93,126],"introduce":[70],"a":[71,100,111],"novel":[72],"framework":[74,169],"that":[75,132],"exploits":[76],"relationship":[78],"between":[79],"its":[83],"spatiotemporal":[84,96,124],"context":[85,97,108],"improve":[87],"accuracy":[89],"robustness.":[91],"Especially,":[92],"present":[94],"our":[95,211],"model":[98,159,191],"hierarchical":[101,142,174],"way,":[102],"where":[103],"each":[104,141],"layer":[105,143],"of":[106,140,150,181,190,198,232],"pyramid":[109],"is":[110,165],"learned":[115],"different":[117],"temporal":[118,148,179],"instances.":[119],"For":[120],"gaining":[121],"an":[122,128,157],"accurate":[123],"model,":[125],"propose":[127],"optimization":[129],"fusion":[130],"approach":[131],"can":[133],"adaptively":[134],"efficiently":[136],"learn":[137],"effect":[139],"exploit":[145],"these":[146],"multiple":[147],"levels":[149],"for":[153,162],"tracking.":[155],"Moreover,":[156],"adaptive":[158],"update":[160],"strategy":[161],"introduced":[166],"into":[167],"dynamically":[171],"select":[172],"proper":[173],"layers,":[175],"which":[176],"boosts":[177],"diversity":[180],"appearance,":[184],"radically":[186],"reduces":[187],"number":[189],"parameters":[192],"guarantees":[194],"real-time":[196],"performance":[197,228],"method.":[201],"The":[202],"experimental":[203],"results":[204],"show":[205],"that,":[206],"conventional":[208],"handcrafted":[209,223],"features,":[210,224],"tracker":[212],"achieves":[213],"best":[215],"success":[216],"rates":[217],"among":[218],"available":[219],"state-of-the-art":[220,227],"provides":[226],"comparable":[229],"those":[231],"deep-learning-based":[233],"OTB-2013,":[236],"OTB-2015,":[237],"VOT-2016,":[238],"UAV-20L":[240],"benchmarks":[241],"but":[242],"runs":[243],"significantly":[244],"faster":[245],"than":[246],"deep":[247],"trackers.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
