{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3000408165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2019.2960481","title":"Switching Structured Prediction for Simple and Complex Human Activity Recognition","display_name":"Switching Structured Prediction for Simple and Complex Human Activity Recognition","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3000408165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2019.2960481","mag":"3000408165","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31945007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2019.2960481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2019.2960481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067589697","display_name":"Mohammad Mahdi Arzani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7244-4431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67009956","display_name":"Iran University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jw2p796","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad M. Arzani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7244-4431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056796328","display_name":"Mahmood Fathy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0852-5488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146419","display_name":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04xreqs31","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67009956","display_name":"Iran University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jw2p796","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmood Fathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran","School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0852-5488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ahmad A. Azirani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67009956","display_name":"Iran University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jw2p796","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad A. Azirani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015355317","display_name":"Ehsan Adeli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0579-7763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Adeli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Department of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0579-7763","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Department of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9708,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92650798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"12","first_page":"5859","last_page":"5870"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7230969667434692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.6396428346633911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5640121698379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5247619152069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5070888996124268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-model","display_name":"Graphical model","score":0.4851168394088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4836962819099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4499802887439728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-recognition","display_name":"Activity recognition","score":0.4349970519542694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.42817598581314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3591999411582947}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7230969667434692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6396428346633911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5640121698379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5247619152069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5070888996124268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155846161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143367","display_name":"Graphical model","level":2,"score":0.4851168394088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4836962819099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4499802887439728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121687571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Activity recognition","level":2,"score":0.4349970519542694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42817598581314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3591999411582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2019.2960481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2019.2960481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31945007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31945007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76527192","https://openalex.org/W1441581489","https://openalex.org/W1511986666","https://openalex.org/W1535689967","https://openalex.org/W1538398759","https://openalex.org/W1595852061","https://openalex.org/W1895914852","https://openalex.org/W1932327087","https://openalex.org/W1984798172","https://openalex.org/W1994792317","https://openalex.org/W1998486887","https://openalex.org/W2010838375","https://openalex.org/W2012451022","https://openalex.org/W2014550941","https://openalex.org/W2017695267","https://openalex.org/W2030540300","https://openalex.org/W2031334527","https://openalex.org/W2038266528","https://openalex.org/W2047499569","https://openalex.org/W2048821851","https://openalex.org/W2049961742","https://openalex.org/W2052648922","https://openalex.org/W2060280062","https://openalex.org/W2070006916","https://openalex.org/W2071711637","https://openalex.org/W2074812030","https://openalex.org/W2079937789","https://openalex.org/W2085302753","https://openalex.org/W2101534792","https://openalex.org/W2110819057","https://openalex.org/W2132734311","https://openalex.org/W2136391815","https://openalex.org/W2145546283","https://openalex.org/W2146055337","https://openalex.org/W2147102238","https://openalex.org/W2147196093","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2149645715","https://openalex.org/W2151047074","https://openalex.org/W2155388965","https://openalex.org/W2171868047","https://openalex.org/W2224196924","https://openalex.org/W2275713145","https://openalex.org/W2293818142","https://openalex.org/W2338404352","https://openalex.org/W2441438155","https://openalex.org/W2443602434","https://openalex.org/W2475271590","https://openalex.org/W2510185399","https://openalex.org/W2519758495","https://openalex.org/W2541104172","https://openalex.org/W2541965240","https://openalex.org/W2604610666","https://openalex.org/W2604863233","https://openalex.org/W2612647826","https://openalex.org/W2739179646","https://openalex.org/W2773600762","https://openalex.org/W2778523960","https://openalex.org/W2792345332","https://openalex.org/W2794956979","https://openalex.org/W2807977412","https://openalex.org/W2847278683","https://openalex.org/W2951455783","https://openalex.org/W2953075858","https://openalex.org/W2963165299","https://openalex.org/W2964134613","https://openalex.org/W3123784868","https://openalex.org/W3125888116","https://openalex.org/W4205502210","https://openalex.org/W4206733017","https://openalex.org/W4238689010","https://openalex.org/W4293528914","https://openalex.org/W4298882835","https://openalex.org/W4388215482","https://openalex.org/W6628276711","https://openalex.org/W6655019712","https://openalex.org/W6679404632","https://openalex.org/W6680285999","https://openalex.org/W6681785522","https://openalex.org/W6682082992","https://openalex.org/W6683128625","https://openalex.org/W6685463672","https://openalex.org/W6699986332","https://openalex.org/W6721026953","https://openalex.org/W6736109704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3195649134","https://openalex.org/W2109986081","https://openalex.org/W2281498195","https://openalex.org/W4297589944","https://openalex.org/W2417308975","https://openalex.org/W2964129930","https://openalex.org/W4368755698","https://openalex.org/W4285040766","https://openalex.org/W4388627352","https://openalex.org/W4286900141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"human":[1,48],"activity":[2,24,144,191,228],"recognition":[3,25],"is":[4,26,181,213,237],"an":[5],"integral":[6],"part":[7],"of":[8,19,40,62,94,109,137,156,253],"any":[9,39],"interactive":[10],"application":[11],"involving":[12],"humans":[13],"(e.g.,":[14,81,96],"human-robot":[15],"interaction":[16,71],"systems).":[17],"One":[18],"the":[20,27,30,41,104,107,154,186,190,246],"main":[21,256],"challenges":[22],"for":[23,69],"diversity":[28],"in":[29,38,112,149,153,207],"way":[31],"individuals":[32],"often":[33,147],"perform":[34],"activities.":[35],"Furthermore,":[36],"changes":[37],"environment":[42],"factors":[43],"(i.e.,":[44,139],"illumination,":[45],"complex":[46,140,243],"background,":[47],"body":[49],"shapes,":[50],"viewpoint,":[51],"etc.)":[52],"intensify":[53],"this":[54,100],"challenge.":[55],"In":[56,99,166],"addition,":[57],"there":[58],"are":[59,76,146],"different":[60,163],"types":[61,136,145],"activities":[63,75,105,138,244],"that":[64,225,233],"robots":[65],"need":[66],"to":[67,133,168,183,203,239],"interpret":[68],"seamless":[70],"with":[72,170],"humans.":[73],"Some":[74],"short,":[77],"quick,":[78],"and":[79,88,141,173,222,242],"simple":[80,241],"sitting),":[82],"while":[83,245],"others":[84],"may":[85],"be":[86],"detailed/complex,":[87],"spread":[89],"throughout":[90],"a":[91,113,122,178,198,208],"long":[92],"span":[93],"time":[95],"washing":[97],"mouth).":[98],"article,":[101],"we":[102,196],"recognize":[103,134,240],"within":[106],"context":[108],"graphical":[110,130],"models":[111,131,187],"sequence-labeling":[114],"framework":[115],"based":[116,127,188],"on":[117,128,189,215,250],"skeleton":[118],"data.":[119],"We":[120],"propose":[121],"new":[123],"structured":[124,200],"prediction":[125,201],"strategy":[126],"probabilistic":[129],"(PGMs)":[132],"both":[135,227],"simple).":[142],"These":[143],"spanned":[148],"very":[150],"diverse":[151],"subspaces":[152],"space":[155],"all":[157],"possible":[158],"activities,":[159],"which":[160],"would":[161],"require":[162],"model":[164,206],"parameterizations.":[165],"order":[167],"deal":[169],"these":[171,254],"parameterization":[172],"structural":[174],"breaks":[175],"across":[176],"models,":[177],"category-switching":[179],"scheme":[180],"proposed":[182,235],"switch":[184],"over":[185],"types.":[192,229,257],"For":[193],"parameter":[194],"optimization,":[195],"utilize":[197],"distributed":[199,209],"technique":[202],"implement":[204],"our":[205,234],"setting.":[210],"The":[211,230],"method":[212,236],"tested":[214],"three":[216],"widely":[217],"used":[218],"datasets":[219],"(CAD-60,":[220],"UT-Kinect,":[221],"Florence":[223],"3-D)":[224],"cover":[226],"results":[231],"illustrate":[232],"able":[238],"previous":[247],"work":[248],"concentrated":[249],"only":[251],"one":[252],"two":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}