{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2989670390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2019.2951798","title":"Deeply Encoding Stable Patterns From Contaminated Data for Scenery Image Recognition","display_name":"Deeply Encoding Stable Patterns From Contaminated Data for Scenery Image Recognition","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2989670390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2019.2951798","mag":"2989670390","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31794411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2019.2951798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2019.2951798","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031755593","display_name":"Luming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7187-6526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103155582","display_name":"Xiaoming Ju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-9041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Ju","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010234425","display_name":"Yongheng Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8550-6710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongheng Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106943753","display_name":"Xuelong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-946X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuelong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Optical Imagery Analysis and Learning, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019","Center for Optical Imagery Analysis and Learning, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019","an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Optical Imagery Analysis and Learning, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Optical Imagery Analysis and Learning, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031755593"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4087,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66606604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"12","first_page":"5671","last_page":"5680"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7270827293395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6494218707084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5952887535095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5611920356750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5429233908653259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.4756088852882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.4690903425216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.45126983523368835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.4484897255897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-invariant-feature-transform","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","score":0.4225374460220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.27677780389785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2751634120941162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7270827293395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6494218707084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5952887535095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5611920356750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5429233908653259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.4756088852882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.4690903425216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.45126983523368835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.4484897255897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61265191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767770","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","level":3,"score":0.4225374460220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.27677780389785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2751634120941162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2019.2951798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2019.2951798","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31794411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31794411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4820425477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871470","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7196585710","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1403600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7524108349","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61761130079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983521647","https://openalex.org/W1993433125","https://openalex.org/W2010632104","https://openalex.org/W2017814585","https://openalex.org/W2026581312","https://openalex.org/W2029731618","https://openalex.org/W2040999325","https://openalex.org/W2075760200","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2108745803","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2123023145","https://openalex.org/W2125849446","https://openalex.org/W2134670479","https://openalex.org/W2138153039","https://openalex.org/W2139172286","https://openalex.org/W2140539195","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2152161678","https://openalex.org/W2153125595","https://openalex.org/W2158427031","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2191616647","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2320738207","https://openalex.org/W2408139116","https://openalex.org/W2530006000","https://openalex.org/W2719511702","https://openalex.org/W2743588686","https://openalex.org/W2798365843","https://openalex.org/W2801295340","https://openalex.org/W2886463928","https://openalex.org/W2889901932","https://openalex.org/W2891512295","https://openalex.org/W2891523225","https://openalex.org/W2892955580","https://openalex.org/W2893462852","https://openalex.org/W2897086142","https://openalex.org/W2897657295","https://openalex.org/W2898179042","https://openalex.org/W2898783529","https://openalex.org/W2899000750","https://openalex.org/W2899360883","https://openalex.org/W2900121847","https://openalex.org/W2901304015","https://openalex.org/W2901788786","https://openalex.org/W2903531356","https://openalex.org/W2905668437","https://openalex.org/W2911788474","https://openalex.org/W2919490311","https://openalex.org/W2953066166","https://openalex.org/W2962762068","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W6676245398","https://openalex.org/W6679792166","https://openalex.org/W6682082992","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6758322132","https://openalex.org/W6764750447"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034955165","https://openalex.org/W2094920358","https://openalex.org/W2041448692","https://openalex.org/W2247121321","https://openalex.org/W2391926582","https://openalex.org/W2087391438","https://openalex.org/W1966831329","https://openalex.org/W2165912799","https://openalex.org/W2316074893","https://openalex.org/W4401571093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Effectively":[0],"recognizing":[1],"different":[2],"sceneries":[3],"with":[4],"complex":[5],"backgrounds":[6],"and":[7],"varied":[8],"lighting":[9],"conditions":[10],"plays":[11],"an":[12,188,215],"important":[13],"role":[14],"in":[15,118],"modern":[16],"AI":[17],"systems.":[18],"Competitive":[19],"performance":[20,208],"has":[21],"recently":[22],"been":[23],"achieved":[24],"by":[25,58,87,106,178],"the":[26,37,48,119,122,133,138,148,170,181,207,224],"deep":[27,81,183],"scene":[28,85,153,175,201],"categorization":[29],"models.":[30],"However,":[31],"these":[32],"models":[33],"implicitly":[34],"hypothesize":[35],"that":[36,83,117,223],"image-level":[38,49,108,134],"labels":[39,50,65,109],"are":[40,55,73,93,185],"100%":[41],"correct,":[42],"which":[43,92,191],"is":[44,115,165,192],"too":[45],"restrictive.":[46],"Practically,":[47],"for":[51,151,199],"massive-scale":[52],"scenery":[53,159],"sets":[54],"usually":[56],"calculated":[57],"external":[59],"predictors":[60,72],"such":[61],"as":[62],"ImageNet-CN.":[63],"These":[64],"can":[66],"easily":[67],"become":[68],"contaminated":[69],"because":[70],"no":[71],"completely":[74],"accurate.":[75],"This":[76],"article":[77],"proposes":[78],"a":[79,96,103,143,161,196,213,232],"new":[80],"architecture":[82],"calculates":[84],"categories":[86,221],"hierarchically":[88],"deriving":[89],"stable":[90,149,226],"templates,":[91],"discovered":[94],"using":[95,110],"generative":[97,145],"model.":[98],"Specifically,":[99],"we":[100],"first":[101],"construct":[102],"semantic":[104,120],"space":[105],"incorporating":[107],"subspace":[111],"embedding.":[112],"Afterward,":[113],"it":[114],"noticeable":[116],"space,":[121],"superpixel":[123],"distributions":[124],"from":[125,174],"identically":[126],"labeled":[127],"images":[128],"remain":[129,228],"unchanged,":[130],"regardless":[131],"of":[132,140,209,218],"label":[135,236],"noises.":[136],"On":[137],"basis":[139],"this":[141],"observation,":[142],"probabilistic":[144],"model":[146],"learns":[147],"templates":[150,227],"each":[152,158],"category.":[154],"To":[155],"deeply":[156],"represent":[157],"category,":[160],"novel":[162],"aggregation":[163],"network":[164],"developed":[166],"to":[167],"statistically":[168],"concatenate":[169],"CNN":[171],"features":[172],"learned":[173,182,225],"annotations":[176],"predicted":[177],"HSA.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"representations":[184],"integrated":[186],"into":[187,195],"image":[189,235],"kernel,":[190],"subsequently":[193],"incorporated":[194],"multiclass":[197],"SVM":[198],"distinguishing":[200],"categories.":[202],"Thorough":[203],"experiments":[204],"have":[205],"shown":[206],"our":[210],"method.":[211],"As":[212],"byproduct,":[214],"empirical":[216],"study":[217],"33":[219],"SIFT-flow":[220],"shows":[222],"almost":[229],"unchanged":[230],"under":[231],"nearly":[233],"36%":[234],"contamination":[237],"rate.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
