{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943317316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2019.2912205","title":"Memristive Quantized Neural Networks: A Novel Approach to Accelerate Deep Learning On-Chip","display_name":"Memristive Quantized Neural Networks: A Novel Approach to Accelerate Deep Learning On-Chip","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943317316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2019.2912205","mag":"2943317316","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31059463"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2019.2912205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2019.2912205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075190387","display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3949-1823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Institute, School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Institute, School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051050403","display_name":"Menglin Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7296-7718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menglin Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019313200","display_name":"Linlin Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1420-0815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Institute, School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Institute, School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081245089","display_name":"Zhigang Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4587-3588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigang Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry of China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry of China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075190387"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6531,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90271425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"4","first_page":"1875","last_page":"1887"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.8495486974716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7438189387321472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossbar-switch","display_name":"Crossbar switch","score":0.7064361572265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memristor","display_name":"Memristor","score":0.6859190464019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6462914943695068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6339528560638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5123018026351929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.49490422010421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48422694206237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3425528407096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3354722559452057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33231255412101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11097687482833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08086347579956055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.8495486974716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7438189387321472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29984679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929149","display_name":"Crossbar switch","level":2,"score":0.7064361572265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150072547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212923","display_name":"Memristor","level":2,"score":0.6859190464019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6462914943695068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6339528560638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5123018026351929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.49490422010421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48422694206237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3425528407096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3354722559452057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33231255412101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11097687482833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08086347579956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2019.2912205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2019.2912205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31059463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31059463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G282535699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017CFA005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327654","funder_display_name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of Hubei Province of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3033505653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61806129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3476586388","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61673188","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3556342979","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61672357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4222534746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0800402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4698569479","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018A050501014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6372554807","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1713214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7099877325","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61761130081","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G744231618","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018M633132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8809753531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018M640820","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327654","display_name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of Hubei Province of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493445957","https://openalex.org/W1578783943","https://openalex.org/W1825672851","https://openalex.org/W1964288235","https://openalex.org/W1965288361","https://openalex.org/W1981321271","https://openalex.org/W2008901850","https://openalex.org/W2025674646","https://openalex.org/W2026788380","https://openalex.org/W2039161462","https://openalex.org/W2044718031","https://openalex.org/W2050535096","https://openalex.org/W2056229294","https://openalex.org/W2057805196","https://openalex.org/W2085205847","https://openalex.org/W2087261283","https://openalex.org/W2112181056","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2132563832","https://openalex.org/W2143483829","https://openalex.org/W2144085790","https://openalex.org/W2162651880","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2233116163","https://openalex.org/W2260663238","https://openalex.org/W2267635276","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2329040051","https://openalex.org/W2343612026","https://openalex.org/W2399958287","https://openalex.org/W2404581299","https://openalex.org/W2418046303","https://openalex.org/W2513917688","https://openalex.org/W2521878335","https://openalex.org/W2526812109","https://openalex.org/W2556583623","https://openalex.org/W2564219748","https://openalex.org/W2585407525","https://openalex.org/W2588666075","https://openalex.org/W2591029953","https://openalex.org/W2594881202","https://openalex.org/W2617093514","https://openalex.org/W2618591429","https://openalex.org/W2623410569","https://openalex.org/W2698842465","https://openalex.org/W2733258593","https://openalex.org/W2736591611","https://openalex.org/W2743001015","https://openalex.org/W2775771159","https://openalex.org/W2775811337","https://openalex.org/W2781720065","https://openalex.org/W2785141883","https://openalex.org/W2792208628","https://openalex.org/W2803163155","https://openalex.org/W2807750997","https://openalex.org/W2887948635","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2963145956","https://openalex.org/W2963576971","https://openalex.org/W2964299589","https://openalex.org/W3103542076","https://openalex.org/W3104135012","https://openalex.org/W4254436426","https://openalex.org/W4293867778","https://openalex.org/W4294371482","https://openalex.org/W4295262505","https://openalex.org/W6638839971","https://openalex.org/W6677580257","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6692521979","https://openalex.org/W6693397755","https://openalex.org/W6698200048","https://openalex.org/W6705165511","https://openalex.org/W6717052788","https://openalex.org/W6738483849","https://openalex.org/W6740742641"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015497999","https://openalex.org/W3164474614","https://openalex.org/W2171130799","https://openalex.org/W2005875039","https://openalex.org/W2015477599","https://openalex.org/W2144085790","https://openalex.org/W2548135880","https://openalex.org/W3177379469","https://openalex.org/W4386216112","https://openalex.org/W2516929886"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"deep":[1],"neural":[2,44],"networks":[3,45],"(DNNs)":[4],"are":[5,72,120,159],"computationally":[6],"expensive":[7],"and":[8,20,61,99,136,145,183],"memory":[9,24,184],"intensive,":[10],"which":[11,94],"hinder":[12],"their":[13],"further":[14],"deployment":[15],"in":[16,115],"novel":[17,34],"nanoscale":[18],"devices":[19],"applications":[21],"with":[22,86,103,152],"lower":[23],"resources":[25],"or":[26],"strict":[27],"latency":[28],"requirements.":[29],"In":[30,148],"this":[31],"paper,":[32],"a":[33],"approach":[35,124],"to":[36,58,74,89,161],"accelerate":[37],"on-chip":[38],"learning":[39],"systems":[40],"using":[41,84,104],"memristive":[42,54,76,117],"quantized":[43],"(M-QNNs)":[46],"is":[47,65,92,125,175],"presented.":[48],"A":[49],"real":[50],"problem":[51],"of":[52,69,83,109,139,143,155,165,171,188],"multilevel":[53,105],"synaptic":[55],"weights":[56],"due":[57],"device-to-device":[59],"(D2D)":[60],"cycle-to-cycle":[62],"(C2C)":[63],"variations":[64,101],"considered.":[66],"Different":[67],"levels":[68,154],"Gaussian":[70,157],"noise":[71,158],"added":[73],"the":[75,111,116,163,166,172,186],"model":[77],"during":[78,185],"each":[79],"adjustment.":[80],"Another":[81,169],"method":[82,174],"memristors":[85],"binary":[87],"states":[88],"build":[90],"M-QNNs":[91],"presented,":[93],"suffers":[95],"from":[96],"fewer":[97],"D2D":[98],"C2C":[100],"compared":[102],"memristors.":[106],"Furthermore,":[107],"methods":[108],"solving":[110],"sneak":[112],"path":[113],"issues":[114],"crossbar":[118],"arrays":[119],"proposed.":[121],"The":[122],"M-QNN":[123],"evaluated":[126],"on":[127],"two":[128],"image":[129,189],"classification":[130],"datasets,":[131],"that":[132,176],"is,":[133],"ten-digit":[134],"number":[135],"handwritten":[137],"images":[138,151],"mixed":[140],"National":[141],"Institute":[142],"Standards":[144],"Technology":[146],"(MNIST).":[147],"addition,":[149],"input":[150],"different":[153],"zero-mean":[156],"tested":[160],"verify":[162],"robustness":[164],"proposed":[167,173],"method.":[168],"highlight":[170],"it":[177],"can":[178],"significantly":[179],"reduce":[180],"computational":[181],"time":[182],"process":[187],"recognition.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-24T08:02:53.985720","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
