{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901333864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2019.2908387","title":"Stacking-Based Deep Neural Network: Deep Analytic Network for Pattern Classification","display_name":"Stacking-Based Deep Neural Network: Deep Analytic Network for Pattern Classification","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901333864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2019.2908387","mag":"2901333864","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31021783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2019.2908387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2019.2908387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.07184","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083277795","display_name":"Cheng-Yaw Low","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6764-0614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Yaw Low","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6764-0614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001445655","display_name":"Jaewoo Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508-3371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaewoo Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051093782","display_name":"Andrew Beng Jin Teoh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5063-9484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Beng-Jin Teoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5063-9484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6798,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92231037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"12","first_page":"5021","last_page":"5034"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7378230094909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7365593910217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6888833045959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.624674379825592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.5842955112457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.5415447354316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.537348210811615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.525709331035614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-belief-network","display_name":"Deep belief network","score":0.4934205114841461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33586758375167847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7378230094909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7365593910217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6888833045959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.624674379825592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.5842955112457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.5415447354316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.537348210811615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.525709331035614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97385483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16954980","display_name":"Deep belief network","level":3,"score":0.4934205114841461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33586758375167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2019.2908387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2019.2908387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31021783","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31021783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:shdl.mmu.edu.my:8317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196753","display_name":"Siti Hasmah Digital Library-MMU Institutiona Repository (Multimedia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","host_organization_name":"Multimedia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1811.07184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.07184","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.07184","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1811.07184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.07184","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.07184","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G67818598","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019R1A2C1003306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W177847060","https://openalex.org/W1136074057","https://openalex.org/W1499864241","https://openalex.org/W1502160187","https://openalex.org/W1526146785","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1616262590","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1963882359","https://openalex.org/W1994935303","https://openalex.org/W2012352340","https://openalex.org/W2019607443","https://openalex.org/W2026131661","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2047028564","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2074818733","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2108597378","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2123045220","https://openalex.org/W2130325614","https://openalex.org/W2133319764","https://openalex.org/W2135106139","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2140609507","https://openalex.org/W2145094598","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2149600041","https://openalex.org/W2149933564","https://openalex.org/W2156387975","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2179352600","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2301541953","https://openalex.org/W2342578201","https://openalex.org/W2395239853","https://openalex.org/W2507989420","https://openalex.org/W2551176409","https://openalex.org/W2554395982","https://openalex.org/W2592340788","https://openalex.org/W2593244682","https://openalex.org/W2610969330","https://openalex.org/W2615874979","https://openalex.org/W2622810087","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2914369697","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2949650786","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963037478","https://openalex.org/W2963382180","https://openalex.org/W2963911037","https://openalex.org/W2964188889","https://openalex.org/W2997574889","https://openalex.org/W3098722327","https://openalex.org/W3099206234","https://openalex.org/W3102431071","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4240294902","https://openalex.org/W4255455317","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299518610","https://openalex.org/W4300537377","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6607232846","https://openalex.org/W6630005630","https://openalex.org/W6631556622","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638444622","https://openalex.org/W6677995690","https://openalex.org/W6680272842","https://openalex.org/W6681096077","https://openalex.org/W6682132143","https://openalex.org/W6682889407","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6685315510","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2585432886","https://openalex.org/W2165991108","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W3004069267","https://openalex.org/W2565516711","https://openalex.org/W4327774331","https://openalex.org/W3136021864","https://openalex.org/W4377865163","https://openalex.org/W2572334665","https://openalex.org/W2248239756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stacking-based":[0],"deep":[1,19,65,173],"neural":[2,20],"network":[3,21,67],"(S-DNN)":[4],"is":[5,47],"aggregated":[6],"with":[7,70],"pluralities":[8],"of":[9,117],"basic":[10],"learning":[11],"modules,":[12],"one":[13],"after":[14],"another,":[15],"to":[16,28,34,48,124,133],"synthesize":[17],"a":[18,44,60,126],"(DNN)":[22],"alternative":[23],"for":[24,76,112,151],"pattern":[25,113],"classification.":[26],"Contrary":[27],"the":[29,81,86,98,104,109,129,162,167],"DNNs":[30,132],"trained":[31,50,135],"from":[32,80,102,136],"end":[33,35],"by":[36,96,139],"backpropagation":[37],"(BP),":[38],"each":[39],"S-DNN":[40],"layer,":[41],"that":[42,93,143,159],"is,":[43],"self-learnable":[45],"module,":[46],"be":[49,134],"decisively":[51],"and":[52,85,165],"independently":[53],"without":[54,177],"BP":[55],"intervention.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"ridge":[61],"regression-based":[62],"S-DNN,":[63],"dubbed":[64],"analytic":[66],"(DAN),":[68],"along":[69],"its":[71],"kernelization":[72],"(K-DAN),":[73],"are":[74,145],"devised":[75],"multilayer":[77],"feature":[78],"relearning":[79],"pre-extracted":[82],"baseline":[83],"features":[84],"structured":[87],"features.":[88],"Our":[89,155],"theoretical":[90],"formulation":[91],"demonstrates":[92],"DAN/K-DAN":[94,110,144,160],"relearn":[95],"perturbing":[97],"intra/interclass":[99],"variations,":[100],"apart":[101],"diminishing":[103],"prediction":[105],"errors.":[106],"We":[107],"scrutinize":[108],"performance":[111],"classification":[114],"on":[115],"datasets":[116,138],"varying":[118],"domains-faces,":[119],"handwritten":[120],"digits,":[121],"generic":[122],"objects,":[123],"name":[125],"few.":[127],"Unlike":[128],"typical":[130],"BP-optimized":[131],"gigantic":[137],"GPU,":[140],"we":[141],"reveal":[142],"trainable":[146],"using":[147],"only":[148],"CPU":[149],"even":[150],"small-scale":[152],"training":[153],"sets.":[154],"experimental":[156],"results":[157],"show":[158],"outperform":[161],"present":[163],"S-DNNs":[164],"also":[166],"BP-trained":[168],"DNNs,":[169],"including":[170],"multiplayer":[171],"perceptron,":[172],"belief":[174],"network,":[175],"etc.,":[176],"data":[178],"augmentation":[179],"applied.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}