{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901788786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2018.2877611","title":"On the Parzen Kernel-Based Probability Density Function Learning Procedures Over Time-Varying Streaming Data With Applications to Pattern Classification","display_name":"On the Parzen Kernel-Based Probability Density Function Learning Procedures Over Time-Varying Streaming Data With Applications to Pattern Classification","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901788786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2018.2877611","mag":"2901788786","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30452383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2018.2877611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2018.2877611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085197012","display_name":"Piotr Duda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-1349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130294970","display_name":"Cz\u0119stochowa University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046awyn59","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130294970"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Duda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computational Intelligence, Cz\u0119stochowa University of Technology, Cz\u0119stochowa, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-1349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computational Intelligence, Cz\u0119stochowa University of Technology, Cz\u0119stochowa, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130294970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043134796","display_name":"Leszek Rutkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6960-9525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130294970","display_name":"Cz\u0119stochowa University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046awyn59","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130294970"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leszek Rutkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computational Intelligence, Cz\u0119stochowa University of Technology, Cz\u0119stochowa, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6960-9525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computational Intelligence, Cz\u0119stochowa University of Technology, Cz\u0119stochowa, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130294970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056212950","display_name":"Maciej Jaworski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8410-4231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130294970","display_name":"Cz\u0119stochowa University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046awyn59","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130294970"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Jaworski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computational Intelligence, Cz\u0119stochowa University of Technology, Cz\u0119stochowa, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8410-4231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computational Intelligence, Cz\u0119stochowa University of Technology, Cz\u0119stochowa, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130294970"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030556797","display_name":"Danuta Rutkowska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-2589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107336","display_name":"Spo\u0142eczna Akademia Nauk","ror":"https://ror.org/01ck3zk14","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107336"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danuta Rutkowska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Institute, University of Social Sciences, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-2589","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Institute, University of Social Sciences, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107336"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7501,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95966344,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"4","first_page":"1683","last_page":"1696"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.968999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.7108545303344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.669333815574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.647845447063446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5571216344833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/density-estimation","display_name":"Density estimation","score":0.5468133091926575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-of-convergence","display_name":"Rate of convergence","score":0.5443569421768188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-stream","display_name":"Data stream","score":0.5253438353538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-stream-mining","display_name":"Data stream mining","score":0.5177595019340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5088322758674622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-drift","display_name":"Concept drift","score":0.4719395041465759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.468738853931427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4633413255214691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Variable kernel density estimation","score":0.45659101009368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4538577198982239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41786015033721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.38708606362342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-method","display_name":"Kernel method","score":0.32044655084609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3083984851837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.26069721579551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1856883466243744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.17081063985824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.08868005871772766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.7108545303344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.669333815574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.647845447063446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5571216344833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189508267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17088227","display_name":"Density estimation","level":3,"score":0.5468133091926575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.5443569421768188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778484313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172540","display_name":"Data stream","level":2,"score":0.5253438353538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89198739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3079880","display_name":"Data stream mining","level":2,"score":0.5177595019340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5088322758674622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60777511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045002","display_name":"Concept drift","level":3,"score":0.4719395041465759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.468738853931427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4633413255214691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195699287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915722","display_name":"Variable kernel density estimation","level":4,"score":0.45659101009368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4538577198982239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41786015033721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.38708606362342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.32044655084609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3083984851837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26069721579551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1856883466243744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.17081063985824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.08868005871772766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2018.2877611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2018.2877611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30452383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30452383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6402585191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014/15/B/ST7/05264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321042","funder_display_name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321042","display_name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej","ror":"https://ror.org/048zd9m77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322691","display_name":"Politechnika Czestochowska","ror":"https://ror.org/046awyn59"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79918814","https://openalex.org/W594357522","https://openalex.org/W625600254","https://openalex.org/W1499021337","https://openalex.org/W1747560487","https://openalex.org/W1904826605","https://openalex.org/W1964168965","https://openalex.org/W1969050738","https://openalex.org/W1973083027","https://openalex.org/W1980093325","https://openalex.org/W1989906353","https://openalex.org/W1994616650","https://openalex.org/W1998378660","https://openalex.org/W2010586736","https://openalex.org/W2010657328","https://openalex.org/W2011182286","https://openalex.org/W2016544456","https://openalex.org/W2037269865","https://openalex.org/W2048552369","https://openalex.org/W2049151032","https://openalex.org/W2050880745","https://openalex.org/W2051218140","https://openalex.org/W2068714596","https://openalex.org/W2069888879","https://openalex.org/W2074812030","https://openalex.org/W2075193177","https://openalex.org/W2085254417","https://openalex.org/W2088392165","https://openalex.org/W2092667969","https://openalex.org/W2098494487","https://openalex.org/W2099419573","https://openalex.org/W2118020555","https://openalex.org/W2123003172","https://openalex.org/W2124357902","https://openalex.org/W2128625287","https://openalex.org/W2128889510","https://openalex.org/W2129905273","https://openalex.org/W2137295153","https://openalex.org/W2140542189","https://openalex.org/W2141840626","https://openalex.org/W2160450146","https://openalex.org/W2342650393","https://openalex.org/W2394914089","https://openalex.org/W2408719493","https://openalex.org/W2555003309","https://openalex.org/W2567086669","https://openalex.org/W2567276358","https://openalex.org/W2602265954","https://openalex.org/W2613426128","https://openalex.org/W2735687481","https://openalex.org/W2753518050","https://openalex.org/W2761467871","https://openalex.org/W2765664885","https://openalex.org/W2766910252","https://openalex.org/W2772469222","https://openalex.org/W2775915431","https://openalex.org/W2799148064","https://openalex.org/W2801477643","https://openalex.org/W4206419526","https://openalex.org/W4233014035","https://openalex.org/W4235667863","https://openalex.org/W4243772471","https://openalex.org/W4302033506","https://openalex.org/W6603230449","https://openalex.org/W6711887999","https://openalex.org/W6741203034"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2583877436","https://openalex.org/W3212687977","https://openalex.org/W3123419490","https://openalex.org/W2144201579","https://openalex.org/W4241010850","https://openalex.org/W2355371556","https://openalex.org/W2909626712","https://openalex.org/W2887481058","https://openalex.org/W2899726877","https://openalex.org/W2039664503"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,28,57,93],"this":[1,58],"paper,":[2,59],"we":[3,60,99],"propose":[4],"a":[5,25,110],"recursive":[6,62,65,111],"variant":[7],"of":[8,18,109,127],"the":[9,88,104,125],"Parzen":[10],"kernel":[11],"density":[12,20,132],"estimator":[13],"(KDE)":[14],"to":[15,42,102,115],"track":[16],"changes":[17],"dynamic":[19],"over":[21,136],"data":[22,46],"streams":[23],"in":[24,83,113],"nonstationary":[26],"environment.":[27],"stationary":[29],"environments,":[30],"well-established":[31],"traditional":[32],"KDE":[33,112],"techniques":[34],"have":[35],"nice":[36],"asymptotic":[37],"properties.":[38],"Their":[39],"existing":[40],"extensions":[41],"deal":[43],"with":[44],"stream":[45,138],"are":[47],"mostly":[48],"based":[49],"on":[50],"various":[51],"heuristic":[52],"concepts":[53],"(losing":[54],"convergence":[55],"properties).":[56],"study":[61],"KDEs,":[63,69],"called":[64],"concept":[66],"drift":[67],"tracking":[68,85],"and":[70,76,96,106,118,134],"prove":[71],"their":[72],"weak":[73,117],"(in":[74],"probability)":[75],"strong":[77,119],"(with":[78],"probability":[79],"one)":[80],"convergence,":[81],"resulting":[82],"perfect":[84],"properties":[86],"as":[87],"sample":[89],"size":[90],"approaches":[91],"infinity.":[92],"three":[94],"theorems":[95],"subsequent":[97],"examples,":[98],"show":[100],"how":[101],"choose":[103],"bandwidth":[105],"learning":[107],"rate":[108],"order":[114],"ensure":[116],"convergence.":[120],"The":[121],"simulation":[122],"results":[123],"illustrate":[124],"effectiveness":[126],"our":[128],"algorithm":[129],"both":[130],"for":[131],"estimation":[133],"classification":[135],"time-varying":[137],"data.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}