{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963954797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2018.2863601","title":"Restricted Boltzmann Machines With Gaussian Visible Units Guided by Pairwise Constraints","display_name":"Restricted Boltzmann Machines With Gaussian Visible Units Guided by Pairwise Constraints","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963954797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2018.2863601","mag":"2963954797","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30137021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2018.2863601","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2018.2863601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034134848","display_name":"Jielei Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6232-5095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jielei Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357108","display_name":"Hongjun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7280-2852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046157723","display_name":"Hua Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9570-6430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043790437","display_name":"Peng Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4835-0312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802584641","display_name":"Leshan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036cvz290","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802584641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802584641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070559820","display_name":"Tianrui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7780-104X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianrui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6011,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92922294,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"12","first_page":"4321","last_page":"4334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11751","display_name":"Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Studies","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.974399983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boltzmann-machine","display_name":"Boltzmann machine","score":0.7058440446853638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.666232168674469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.623596727848053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restricted-boltzmann-machine","display_name":"Restricted Boltzmann machine","score":0.5985775589942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.561367928981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5379171371459961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.528009831905365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.481594055891037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.4342607259750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.37224358320236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32915836572647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.2942185401916504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192576344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194706","display_name":"Boltzmann machine","level":3,"score":0.7058440446853638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.666232168674469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.623596727848053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199354608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316287","display_name":"Restricted Boltzmann machine","level":3,"score":0.5985775589942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.561367928981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5379171371459961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.528009831905365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.481594055891037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.4342607259750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.37224358320236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32915836572647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2942185401916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2018.2863601","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2018.2863601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30137021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30137021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7572955247","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61773324","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8310828405","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61573292","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":95,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44815768","https://openalex.org/W66838807","https://openalex.org/W97016928","https://openalex.org/W189843990","https://openalex.org/W257726663","https://openalex.org/W1257380361","https://openalex.org/W1528580407","https://openalex.org/W1547224907","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1964812476","https://openalex.org/W1965271388","https://openalex.org/W1994581943","https://openalex.org/W2009272428","https://openalex.org/W2009701012","https://openalex.org/W2013857641","https://openalex.org/W2034520351","https://openalex.org/W2043545458","https://openalex.org/W2048865854","https://openalex.org/W2049604094","https://openalex.org/W2054912984","https://openalex.org/W2071709160","https://openalex.org/W2083022762","https://openalex.org/W2090424610","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2099748283","https://openalex.org/W2100002341","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2102708620","https://openalex.org/W2110798204","https://openalex.org/W2114153178","https://openalex.org/W2116064496","https://openalex.org/W2128084896","https://openalex.org/W2131418434","https://openalex.org/W2134089414","https://openalex.org/W2134653808","https://openalex.org/W2135341757","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2136936677","https://openalex.org/W2137758646","https://openalex.org/W2141125852","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2145094598","https://openalex.org/W2147010501","https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2164700406","https://openalex.org/W2165225968","https://openalex.org/W2165232124","https://openalex.org/W2165466912","https://openalex.org/W2165874743","https://openalex.org/W2169658215","https://openalex.org/W2171500336","https://openalex.org/W2178155017","https://openalex.org/W2188016144","https://openalex.org/W2248994282","https://openalex.org/W2259677467","https://openalex.org/W2262208379","https://openalex.org/W2291220750","https://openalex.org/W2301363658","https://openalex.org/W2337702836","https://openalex.org/W2369562841","https://openalex.org/W2396346931","https://openalex.org/W2402196265","https://openalex.org/W2517836489","https://openalex.org/W2541411170","https://openalex.org/W2548889510","https://openalex.org/W2590822257","https://openalex.org/W2726971391","https://openalex.org/W2963302148","https://openalex.org/W2997574889","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W6601785968","https://openalex.org/W6603960082","https://openalex.org/W6626039241","https://openalex.org/W6631547721","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6674813771","https://openalex.org/W6676481782","https://openalex.org/W6677238981","https://openalex.org/W6679511609","https://openalex.org/W6679825673","https://openalex.org/W6679849079","https://openalex.org/W6680246460","https://openalex.org/W6680715401","https://openalex.org/W6681096077","https://openalex.org/W6681934674","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6684578312","https://openalex.org/W6687156757","https://openalex.org/W6691177574","https://openalex.org/W6712550616","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W7043241057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2952018105","https://openalex.org/W2916681395","https://openalex.org/W4283272532","https://openalex.org/W2119341610","https://openalex.org/W2556473569","https://openalex.org/W2193475944","https://openalex.org/W4302433642","https://openalex.org/W2529583158","https://openalex.org/W2551541394","https://openalex.org/W2892911634"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Restricted":[0],"Boltzmann":[1],"machines":[2],"(RBMs)":[3],"and":[4,63,92,138,156,171,183,198,212,257],"their":[5],"variants":[6],"are":[7,75,97,113,133,187,224,264],"usually":[8],"trained":[9],"by":[10,61,99,115,151],"contrastive":[11],"divergence":[12],"(CD)":[13],"learning,":[14],"but":[15],"the":[16,28,33,56,64,100,109,122,126,131,146,157,167,178,181,250,272],"training":[17],"procedure":[18,58],"is":[19,59,68,149,161,234],"an":[20],"unsupervised":[21],"learning":[22,57,127,143,159],"approach,":[23],"without":[24],"any":[25],"guidances":[26],"of":[27,36,66,81,88,95,129,169,180,240,253],"background":[29],"knowledge.":[30],"To":[31],"enhance":[32],"expression":[34],"ability":[35],"traditional":[37,172,268],"RBMs,":[38],"in":[39,54,77,121],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"we":[42],"propose":[43],"pairwise":[44,85],"constraints":[45],"(PCs)":[46],"RBM":[47],"with":[48,106,118,174,221,236],"Gaussian":[49,119,175],"visible":[50,111,137,176],"units":[51,112,117,140],"(pcGRBM)":[52],"model,":[53],"which":[55,223],"guided":[60],"PCs":[62,74,132,222],"process":[65,128],"encoding":[67],"conducted":[69],"under":[70],"these":[71],"guidances.":[72,101],"The":[73,245],"encoded":[76],"hidden":[78,86,139,185],"layer":[79,186],"features":[80,87,179],"pcGRBM.":[82],"Then,":[83,145],"some":[84,282],"pcGRBM":[89,123,170,182,214,262,273],"flock":[90],"together":[91],"another":[93],"part":[94],"them":[96],"separated":[98],"In":[102,125,163,270],"order":[103,164],"to":[104,165,210,216],"deal":[105],"real-valued":[107],"data,":[108],"binary":[110],"replaced":[114],"linear":[116],"noise":[120],"model.":[124],"pcGRBM,":[130],"iterated":[134],"transitions":[135],"between":[136],"during":[141],"CD":[142],"procedure.":[144],"proposed":[147],"model":[148,215,263,274],"inferred":[150],"approximative":[152],"gradient":[153],"descent":[154],"method":[155],"corresponding":[158],"algorithm":[160],"designed.":[162],"compare":[166],"availability":[168],"RBMs":[173,184],"units,":[177],"used":[188],"as":[189],"input":[190],"\"data\"":[191],"for":[192,275],"K":[193,254],"-means,":[194,255],"spectral":[195],"clustering":[196,251,276,284],"(SP)":[197],"affinity":[199],"propagation":[200],"(AP)":[201],"algorithms,":[202],"respectively.":[203],"We":[204],"also":[205],"use":[206],"tenfold":[207],"cross-validation":[208],"strategy":[209],"train":[211],"test":[213],"obtain":[217],"more":[218],"meaningful":[219],"results":[220,247],"derived":[225],"from":[226],"incremental":[227],"sampling":[228],"procedures.":[229],"A":[230],"thorough":[231],"experimental":[232,246],"evaluation":[233],"performed":[235],"12":[237],"image":[238],"datasets":[239],"Microsoft":[241],"Research":[242],"Asia":[243],"Multimedia.":[244],"show":[248],"that":[249],"performance":[252,280],"SP,":[256],"AP":[258],"algorithms":[259],"based":[260],"on":[261],"significantly":[265],"better":[266,279],"than":[267,281],"RBMs.":[269],"addition,":[271],"tasks":[277],"shows":[278],"semi-supervised":[283],"algorithms.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}