{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2583965937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2017.2655027","title":"Expanding Training Data for Facial Image Super-Resolution","display_name":"Expanding Training Data for Facial Image Super-Resolution","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2583965937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2017.2655027","mag":"2583965937","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28166514"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2017.2655027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2017.2655027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039845750","display_name":"Xiao Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5638-6545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022334521","display_name":"Hua Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-1702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-1702","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111564947","display_name":"Chun Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1430-6011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039845750"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0169,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84849578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"2","first_page":"716","last_page":"729"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7257241606712341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6655822992324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.6455350518226624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6073495745658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.6053418517112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5951180458068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.5389211177825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.5233087539672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5146526098251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.49959778785705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.49845337867736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4553634524345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45300495624542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4504547715187073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11002331972122192}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7257241606712341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6655822992324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.6455350518226624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6073495745658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.6053418517112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5951180458068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.5389211177825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5233087539672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5146526098251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.49959778785705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49845337867736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4553634524345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45300495624542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4504547715187073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11002331972122192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2017.2655027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2017.2655027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28166514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28166514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4110147401","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4132068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4183669774","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61572395","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6011280792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61133008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7225337417","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61425013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54257720","https://openalex.org/W1534230820","https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W1971066121","https://openalex.org/W1972002222","https://openalex.org/W1985436611","https://openalex.org/W1997011019","https://openalex.org/W1997843011","https://openalex.org/W1999821839","https://openalex.org/W2003749430","https://openalex.org/W2015497428","https://openalex.org/W2016598597","https://openalex.org/W2024585293","https://openalex.org/W2027325144","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2040349808","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2054210502","https://openalex.org/W2057730013","https://openalex.org/W2067042811","https://openalex.org/W2069639034","https://openalex.org/W2087436818","https://openalex.org/W2096027770","https://openalex.org/W2099470017","https://openalex.org/W2099559703","https://openalex.org/W2103751387","https://openalex.org/W2103844245","https://openalex.org/W2112794790","https://openalex.org/W2114710155","https://openalex.org/W2115592720","https://openalex.org/W2118963448","https://openalex.org/W2121058967","https://openalex.org/W2129680231","https://openalex.org/W2130638881","https://openalex.org/W2131349449","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2140257560","https://openalex.org/W2141631520","https://openalex.org/W2149760002","https://openalex.org/W2163523041","https://openalex.org/W2163935418","https://openalex.org/W2164307510","https://openalex.org/W2166590841","https://openalex.org/W2171107009","https://openalex.org/W2295477204","https://openalex.org/W2321627895","https://openalex.org/W2326180695","https://openalex.org/W2344138609","https://openalex.org/W2428551659","https://openalex.org/W2460425166","https://openalex.org/W2497173630","https://openalex.org/W2509704168","https://openalex.org/W2514029627","https://openalex.org/W2534320940","https://openalex.org/W2551403050","https://openalex.org/W2559013665","https://openalex.org/W4251288685","https://openalex.org/W6675606679","https://openalex.org/W6683680428","https://openalex.org/W6684221638"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2786391746","https://openalex.org/W1552490587","https://openalex.org/W3035701170","https://openalex.org/W2991483587","https://openalex.org/W4381430104","https://openalex.org/W2995102745","https://openalex.org/W4226059458","https://openalex.org/W2914559142","https://openalex.org/W1990237101","https://openalex.org/W3196471634"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,14,105],"quality":[1],"of":[2,37,135],"training":[3,18,35,40,58,94,107,136],"data":[4,19,59,108,137],"is":[5,50],"very":[6],"important":[7],"for":[8,43,60,112],"learning-based":[9],"facial":[10,41,62,70,115,120],"image":[11,63],"super-resolution":[12],"(SR).":[13],"more":[15],"similarity":[16,89],"between":[17],"and":[20,87,118,128],"testing":[21,46],"input":[22],"is,":[23],"the":[24,51,57,80,84,88,133,141],"better":[25,34],"SR":[26,116,121,142],"results":[27],"we":[28,75],"can":[29,109],"have.":[30],"To":[31,65],"generate":[32,92],"a":[33,44],"set":[36],"low/high":[38],"resolution":[39],"images":[42,71,131],"particular":[45],"input,":[47],"this":[48,66],"paper":[49],"first":[52],"work":[53],"that":[54,69],"proposes":[55],"expanding":[56],"improving":[61,140],"SR.":[64],"end,":[67],"observing":[68],"are":[72,99],"highly":[73],"structured,":[74],"propose":[76],"three":[77],"constraints,":[78],"i.e.,":[79],"local":[81,97],"structure":[82],"constraint,":[83,90],"correspondence":[85],"constraint":[86],"to":[91],"new":[93],"data,":[95],"where":[96],"patches":[98],"expanded":[100,106],"with":[101],"different":[102],"expansion":[103,138],"parameters.":[104],"be":[110],"used":[111],"both":[113],"patch-based":[114],"methods":[117],"global":[119],"methods.":[122],"Extensive":[123],"testings":[124],"on":[125,139],"benchmark":[126],"databases":[127],"real":[129],"world":[130],"validate":[132],"effectiveness":[134],"quality.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
