{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2564871695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2016.2640288","title":"Background Extraction Using Random Walk Image Fusion","display_name":"Background Extraction Using Random Walk Image Fusion","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2564871695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2016.2640288","mag":"2564871695","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28026799"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2016.2640288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2016.2640288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101651291","display_name":"Kai\u2010Lung Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7735-243X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Lung Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059727896","display_name":"Hong-Cyuan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Cyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110789264","display_name":"Chih-Hsiang Yeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Hsiang Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101402074","display_name":"Wen-Huang Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84653119","display_name":"Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05bxb3784","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Huang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040147397","display_name":"Yu\u2010Chi Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8578-3101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chi Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101651291"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3013,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90890129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"1","first_page":"423","last_page":"435"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7042205333709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6867017149925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6121342182159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-walk","display_name":"Random walk","score":0.6120436191558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5549356937408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.5140706300735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.5040425658226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","score":0.5003678798675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.4530106484889984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4479036331176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4452463686466217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.420118123292923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.4172457456588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.4171029031276703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.41106632351875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40667811036109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.27215394377708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2183508276939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13450777530670166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7042205333709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6867017149925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6121342182159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121194460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856741","display_name":"Random walk","level":2,"score":0.6120436191558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5549356937408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.5140706300735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.5040425658226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5003678798675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.4530106484889984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4479036331176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4452463686466217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.420118123292923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4172457456588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.4171029031276703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41106632351875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40667811036109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27215394377708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2183508276939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13450777530670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2016.2640288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2016.2640288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28026799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28026799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3467297973","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 105-2221-E-011-120-MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G388721233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 105-2628-E-001-003-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4865337507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 104-2221-E-011-091-MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6972898296","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 104-2221-E-011-029-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7048636546","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 105-2622-E-011-012-CC3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8419286786","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 105-2218-E-011-005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653074768","https://openalex.org/W1127856559","https://openalex.org/W1973642254","https://openalex.org/W1975302828","https://openalex.org/W1992054832","https://openalex.org/W1992381997","https://openalex.org/W2003370853","https://openalex.org/W2009104648","https://openalex.org/W2019064215","https://openalex.org/W2019304914","https://openalex.org/W2021836772","https://openalex.org/W2027694926","https://openalex.org/W2035379092","https://openalex.org/W2039530173","https://openalex.org/W2039639466","https://openalex.org/W2040154021","https://openalex.org/W2052524720","https://openalex.org/W2052575788","https://openalex.org/W2053992528","https://openalex.org/W2071191888","https://openalex.org/W2074926543","https://openalex.org/W2087366239","https://openalex.org/W2089300549","https://openalex.org/W2093212899","https://openalex.org/W2102584639","https://openalex.org/W2102625004","https://openalex.org/W2105038642","https://openalex.org/W2108424265","https://openalex.org/W2111293718","https://openalex.org/W2115214993","https://openalex.org/W2118859514","https://openalex.org/W2118877769","https://openalex.org/W2120626801","https://openalex.org/W2122038601","https://openalex.org/W2122465129","https://openalex.org/W2125637308","https://openalex.org/W2127070222","https://openalex.org/W2136001449","https://openalex.org/W2140120230","https://openalex.org/W2148290050","https://openalex.org/W2160486293","https://openalex.org/W2167064216","https://openalex.org/W2170163526","https://openalex.org/W2220312492","https://openalex.org/W2312654522","https://openalex.org/W2315162709","https://openalex.org/W2320042159","https://openalex.org/W2406379805","https://openalex.org/W2435560458","https://openalex.org/W2499295842","https://openalex.org/W2499468476","https://openalex.org/W3083161613","https://openalex.org/W4300179783","https://openalex.org/W6648458146","https://openalex.org/W6677548441"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2788731446","https://openalex.org/W2204403038","https://openalex.org/W3152170969","https://openalex.org/W2379054866","https://openalex.org/W2549658594","https://openalex.org/W2370195708","https://openalex.org/W1490651872","https://openalex.org/W2139242969","https://openalex.org/W2284201331","https://openalex.org/W2095903272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1],"important":[2],"to":[3,81,141],"extract":[4,131],"a":[5,21,57,63,114],"clear":[6],"background":[7,15,23,50,93,98,133],"for":[8],"computer":[9],"vision":[10],"and":[11,61,71,84,87,106,118],"augmented":[12],"reality.":[13],"Generally,":[14],"extraction":[16],"assumes":[17],"the":[18,26,53],"existence":[19],"of":[20,48,52],"clean":[22],"shot":[24],"through":[25],"input":[27,54],"sequence,":[28],"but":[29],"realistically,":[30],"situations":[31],"may":[32],"violate":[33],"this":[34],"assumption":[35],"such":[36],"as":[37,56,92],"highway":[38],"traffic":[39],"videos.":[40],"Therefore,":[41],"our":[42,110,127],"probabilistic":[43],"model-based":[44],"method":[45],"formulates":[46],"fusion":[47,111],"candidate":[49],"patches":[51],"sequence":[55],"random":[58],"walk":[59],"problem":[60],"seeks":[62],"globally":[64],"optimal":[65],"solution":[66],"based":[67],"on":[68],"their":[69],"temporal":[70,85,102,115],"spatial":[72,83],"relationship.":[73],"Furthermore,":[74],"we":[75,108],"also":[76],"design":[77],"two":[78],"quality":[79],"measures":[80],"consider":[82],"coherence":[86,103],"contrast":[88,116],"distinctness":[89],"among":[90,104],"pixels":[91],"selection":[94],"basis.":[95],"A":[96],"static":[97],"should":[99],"have":[100],"high":[101],"frames,":[105],"thus,":[107],"improve":[109],"precision":[112],"with":[113,135],"filter":[117],"an":[119],"optical-flow-based":[120],"motionless":[121],"patch":[122],"extractor.":[123],"Experiments":[124],"demonstrate":[125],"that":[126],"algorithm":[128],"can":[129],"successfully":[130],"artifact-free":[132],"images":[134],"low":[136],"computational":[137],"cost":[138],"while":[139],"comparing":[140],"state-of-the-art":[142],"algorithms.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}