{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2093607776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2014.2332279","title":"Learning Local Appearances With Sparse Representation for Robust and Fast Visual Tracking","display_name":"Learning Local Appearances With Sparse Representation for Robust and Fast Visual Tracking","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2093607776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2014.2332279","mag":"2093607776","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25029548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2014.2332279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2014.2332279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021921226","display_name":"Tianxiang Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8159-2631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tianxiang Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100642147","display_name":"Youfu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5227-1326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"You-Fu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036387111","display_name":"Xiaolong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0732-5169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021921226"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0968,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97271327,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"4","first_page":"663","last_page":"675"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7819767594337463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7593754529953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-approximation","display_name":"Sparse approximation","score":0.7043490409851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6751925945281982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.6562672853469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6400173306465149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.6394676566123962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-svd","display_name":"K-SVD","score":0.6379425525665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-appearance-model","display_name":"Active appearance model","score":0.6262156963348389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5185799598693848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4947630763053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.49283862113952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.4878501892089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.47650161385536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.47110894322395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4597040116786957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.45376056432724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4267207086086273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38915473222732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.2621697783470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2479357123374939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22802722454071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.13774901628494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.13017135858535767}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7819767594337463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7593754529953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124066611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28684319","display_name":"Sparse approximation","level":2,"score":0.7043490409851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6751925945281982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.6562672853469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6400173306465149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.6394676566123962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154771677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17098361","display_name":"K-SVD","level":3,"score":0.6379425525665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.6262156963348389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5185799598693848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4947630763053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.49283862113952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.4878501892089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.47650161385536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.47110894322395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4597040116786957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.45376056432724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4267207086086273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38915473222732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.2621697783470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2479357123374939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22802722454071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.13774901628494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.13017135858535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcyb.2014.2332279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2014.2332279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25029548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25029548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4638918907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61273286","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95072457","https://openalex.org/W1971926018","https://openalex.org/W1975900269","https://openalex.org/W1981219153","https://openalex.org/W1984309598","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W1999174140","https://openalex.org/W1999905919","https://openalex.org/W2009088154","https://openalex.org/W2016075127","https://openalex.org/W2027021064","https://openalex.org/W2059212893","https://openalex.org/W2063978378","https://openalex.org/W2066513304","https://openalex.org/W2096586829","https://openalex.org/W2098012923","https://openalex.org/W2098711149","https://openalex.org/W2098854771","https://openalex.org/W2102674365","https://openalex.org/W2109553284","https://openalex.org/W2112447569","https://openalex.org/W2112737239","https://openalex.org/W2115429828","https://openalex.org/W2121193292","https://openalex.org/W2122825543","https://openalex.org/W2125202975","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2139047213","https://openalex.org/W2147020566","https://openalex.org/W2159536483","https://openalex.org/W2160337655","https://openalex.org/W2160547390","https://openalex.org/W2163398148","https://openalex.org/W2165037244","https://openalex.org/W2167089254","https://openalex.org/W2167153731","https://openalex.org/W2183648259","https://openalex.org/W2314731117","https://openalex.org/W4231340930","https://openalex.org/W4235387018","https://openalex.org/W6603854525","https://openalex.org/W6676727762","https://openalex.org/W6684274140","https://openalex.org/W6684332838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099321050","https://openalex.org/W2890952311","https://openalex.org/W2509955295","https://openalex.org/W2047275718","https://openalex.org/W2034957211","https://openalex.org/W2388952560","https://openalex.org/W110819671","https://openalex.org/W2149282631","https://openalex.org/W2204991413","https://openalex.org/W2071551242"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,20,120],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,137,162],"present":[4],"a":[5,57,139,175],"novel":[6],"appearance":[7,25,42,70,99,166,189],"model":[8,167,190],"using":[9,106],"sparse":[10,29,49,108,115],"representation":[11,50],"and":[12,31,51,65,128,151,158],"online":[13,33,52],"dictionary":[14,34,53,79,125],"learning":[15,35,54,80],"techniques":[16],"for":[17,134],"visual":[18,24,177],"tracking.":[19,45,135],"our":[21],"approach,":[22],"the":[23,32,41,48,63,69,78,84,87,97,104,107,113,121,124,149,153,156,159,164,169,187,192],"is":[26,37,75,100,126],"represented":[27],"by":[28,55],"representation,":[30],"strategy":[36],"used":[38],"to":[39,82,93,112,147,173],"adapt":[40],"variations":[43],"during":[44,77],"We":[46],"unify":[47],"defining":[56],"sparsity":[58],"consistency":[59],"constraint":[60,74],"that":[61,90,186],"facilitates":[62],"generative":[64],"discriminative":[66],"capabilities":[67],"of":[68,86],"model.":[71,160],"An":[72],"elastic-net":[73],"enforced":[76],"stage":[81],"capture":[83],"characteristics":[85],"local":[88,118],"appearances":[89],"are":[91],"insensitive":[92],"partial":[94],"occlusions.":[95],"Hence,":[96],"target":[98],"effectively":[101],"recovered":[102],"from":[103],"corruptions":[105],"coefficients":[109],"with":[110,168],"respect":[111],"learned":[114],"bases":[116],"containing":[117],"appearances.":[119],"proposed":[122,165,188],"method,":[123],"undercomplete":[127],"can":[129],"thus":[130],"be":[131],"efficiently":[132],"implemented":[133],"Moreover,":[136],"employ":[138],"median":[140],"absolute":[141],"deviation":[142],"based":[143],"robust":[144,176],"similarity":[145],"metric":[146],"eliminate":[148],"outliers":[150],"evaluate":[152],"likelihood":[154],"between":[155],"observations":[157],"Finally,":[161],"integrate":[163],"particle":[170],"filter":[171],"framework":[172],"form":[174],"tracking":[178,197],"algorithm.":[179],"Experiments":[180],"on":[181],"benchmark":[182],"video":[183],"sequences":[184],"show":[185],"outperforms":[191],"other":[193],"state-of-the-art":[194],"approaches":[195],"in":[196],"performance.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}