{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130720420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2026.3666621","title":"DDRW: Dynamic Degradation Representation for Adaptive Robust Blind Watermarking","display_name":"DDRW: Dynamic Degradation Representation for Adaptive Robust Blind Watermarking","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130720420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2026.3666621"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2026.3666621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2026.3666621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016217878","display_name":"Fangxu Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1166-0730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangxu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067114555","display_name":"Ningzhong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6735-7130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ningzhong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6735-7130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126468213","display_name":"Han Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-6672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374822","display_name":"Yufei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2317-9010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16848879,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"7","first_page":"10448","last_page":"10465"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.890999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.890999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.013100000098347664,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.01269999984651804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.8684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degradation","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","score":0.7035999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5263000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.5144000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3402000069618225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.8684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7527999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.7035999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5263000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.5144000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48890000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779344036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11320476","display_name":"Digital content","level":2,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2026.3666621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2026.3666621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8392629967","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U25A20533","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"watermarking":[1,63,206],"technology":[2],"still":[3],"faces":[4],"significant":[5],"challenges":[6],"in":[7,31,72,157,171,218],"real-world":[8],"scenarios,":[9],"primarily":[10],"stemming":[11],"from":[12,126],"complex":[13],"and":[14,23,82,106,119,155,183],"unknown":[15],"degradations":[16,115,200],"that":[17,78,189],"images":[18],"may":[19],"undergo":[20],"during":[21,121],"transmission":[22],"storage.":[24],"Although":[25],"current":[26],"methods":[27],"have":[28],"made":[29],"progress":[30],"specific":[32],"degradation":[33,49,59,80,99,143,151,161,220],"conditions":[34],"by":[35],"designing":[36],"deep":[37,204],"network":[38,145],"architectures,":[39],"their":[40],"static":[41],"models":[42],"struggle":[43],"to":[44,46,129,137,148,202],"adapt":[45],"dynamically":[47,166],"changing":[48],"environments.":[50,221],"To":[51],"address":[52],"this,":[53],"this":[54,69],"paper":[55],"proposes":[56],"a":[57,74,89,107,142,172,210],"dynamic":[58,83,91,219],"representation":[60,144,162],"robust":[61],"digital":[62,215],"framework":[64,70],"(DDRW).":[65],"The":[66],"core":[67],"of":[68,179],"lies":[71],"establishing":[73],"bidirectional":[75],"collaborative":[76,177],"mechanism":[77],"integrates":[79],"perception":[81],"tuning.":[84],"First,":[85],"the":[86,135,190],"DDRW":[87,191],"designs":[88],"multi-mode":[90],"composite":[92,114,199],"attack":[93,104,128],"noise":[94],"layer.":[95],"By":[96],"leveraging":[97],"hierarchical":[98],"space":[100],"(partitioned":[101],"into":[102],"no/mild/moderate/severe":[103],"subspaces)":[105],"parameterized":[108],"encoding":[109],"mechanism,":[110],"it":[111],"randomly":[112],"applies":[113],"with":[116],"varying":[117],"intensities":[118],"types":[120],"training,":[122],"covering":[123],"scenarios":[124],"ranging":[125],"no":[127],"multistage":[130],"severe":[131],"degradations,":[132],"thereby":[133,208],"forcing":[134],"model":[136],"learn":[138],"degradation-invariant":[139],"features.":[140],"Furthermore,":[141],"is":[146],"introduced":[147],"quantify":[149],"multi-dimensional":[150],"characteristics":[152],"(e.g.,":[153],"blur":[154],"noise)":[156],"attacked":[158],"images,":[159],"generating":[160],"vectors.":[163],"These":[164],"vectors":[165],"adjust":[167],"parameter":[168],"fusion":[169],"weights":[170],"multi-expert":[173],"decoder,":[174],"enabling":[175],"adaptive":[176],"optimization":[178],"watermark":[180,195],"embedding":[181],"strength":[182],"extraction":[184,196],"strategies.":[185],"Experimental":[186],"results":[187],"demonstrate":[188],"achieves":[192],"significantly":[193],"higher":[194],"accuracy":[197],"under":[198],"compared":[201],"state-of-the-art":[203],"learning-based":[205],"baselines,":[207],"providing":[209],"novel":[211],"technical":[212],"solution":[213],"for":[214],"copyright":[216],"protection":[217]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-08T06:17:01.165560","created_date":"2026-02-21T00:00:00"}