{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123357460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2026.3652352","title":"Toward Real-Time UAV Tracking With Adaptive and Background-Aware Vision Transformers","display_name":"Toward Real-Time UAV Tracking With Adaptive and Background-Aware Vision Transformers","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123357460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2026.3652352"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2026.3652352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2026.3652352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiangyang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3025-0516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3025-0516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036840192","display_name":"Lingfang Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3130-3015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109759376","display_name":"Xucheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7164-3184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xucheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7164-3184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058223479","display_name":"Hengzhou Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-8747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hengzhou Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-8747","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122844363","display_name":"Xiaolan Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9546-5115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122878617","display_name":"Qijun Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qijun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4651-7163","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110498383","display_name":"JIHUA ZHU","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihua Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3081-8781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122865401","display_name":"Shuiwang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuiwang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4587-513X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2709,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92865347,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"5","first_page":"7395","last_page":"7410"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.8312000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.8312000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.08470000326633453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14413","display_name":"Advanced Technologies in Various Fields","score":0.009100000374019146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.5928999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5098999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.47510001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4503999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.42309999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.3874000012874603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7821999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6606000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.5928999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5098999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5060999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.47510001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4503999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.42309999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2026.3652352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2026.3652352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.702955961227417,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1829387805","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62466013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087004267","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u624b\u5199\u85cf\u6587\u53e4\u7c4d\u7684\u8de8\u5b57\u4f53\u6587\u5b57\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62066042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2793602376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62206123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4542985435","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176170","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8188255145","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024GXNSFAA010484","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,78],"Unmanned":[1],"Aerial":[2],"Vehicle":[3],"(UAV)":[4],"tracking,":[5],"discriminative":[6],"correlation":[7],"filters":[8],"(DCF)":[9],"are":[10,130],"popular":[11],"for":[12,18,51,132,207],"their":[13],"speed,":[14],"making":[15,45],"them":[16,46],"ideal":[17],"real-time":[19,96,194,208],"use":[20],"with":[21],"limited":[22],"resources.":[23],"Recently,":[24],"lightweight":[25],"convolutional":[26],"neural":[27],"networks":[28],"(CNNs)":[29],"have":[30],"offered":[31],"a":[32,47,95,128,145,186,200],"new":[33],"approach.":[34],"Through":[35],"filter":[36],"pruning,":[37],"these":[38,55],"CNNs":[39],"maintain":[40],"high":[41],"accuracy":[42,190,204],"and":[43,85,90,108,161,191,205],"efficiency,":[44,141],"strong":[48],"alternative,":[49],"especially":[50,70],"greater":[52],"precision.":[53],"Despite":[54],"advancements,":[56],"the":[57,73,220],"potential":[58],"of":[59,75],"pure":[60],"vision":[61],"transformers":[62],"(ViTs)":[63],"in":[64,180,193,226],"UAV":[65,97,195,209,215,227],"tracking":[66,98,216],"remains":[67],"largely":[68],"untapped,":[69],"based":[71,122],"on":[72,123,213],"paradigm":[74],"conditional":[76],"computation.":[77],"this":[79,142],"work,":[80],"we":[81],"introduce":[82],"an":[83,106],"adaptive":[84,107],"background-aware":[86,109],"Vision":[87],"Transformer":[88],"(Aba-ViT)":[89],"leverage":[91],"it":[92],"to":[93,113,159,176],"develop":[94],"framework":[99],"called":[100],"Aba-ViTrack.":[101],"The":[102,182,229],"proposed":[103,221],"Aba-ViT":[104],"exploits":[105],"token":[110],"computation":[111],"method":[112,173,222],"reduce":[114],"inference":[115],"time.":[116],"This":[117,172,197],"approach":[118],"adaptively":[119],"discards":[120],"tokens":[121,134],"learned":[124],"halting":[125],"probabilities,":[126],"which":[127],"priori":[129],"higher":[131],"background":[133],"than":[135],"target":[136],"ones.":[137],"To":[138],"further":[139],"improve":[140],"paper":[143],"proposes":[144],"novel":[146],"classroom-style":[147],"learning":[148,169],"(CSL)":[149],"approach,":[150],"where":[151],"robustness":[152],"knowledge":[153],"is":[154,164,174,231],"transmitted":[155],"vertically":[156],"from":[157],"teacher":[158],"students,":[160],"generalization":[162],"capability":[163],"enhanced":[165],"through":[166],"horizontal":[167],"mutual":[168],"among":[170],"students.":[171],"used":[175],"compress":[177],"Aba-ViTrack,":[178],"resulting":[179],"Aba-ViTrack++.":[181],"upgraded":[183],"version":[184,198],"achieves":[185,199,223],"better":[187,201],"balance":[188,202],"between":[189,203],"efficiency":[192,206],"tracking.":[196,210,228],"Extensive":[211],"experiments":[212],"six":[214],"benchmarks":[217],"demonstrate":[218],"that":[219],"state-of-the-art":[224],"performance":[225],"code":[230],"available":[232],"at":[233],"https://github.com/xyyang317/Aba-ViTrack.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}