{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417438581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3645130","title":"Highway Camera Calibration and Vehicle Speed Estimation Using Multilayered Lane-Line Keypoints","display_name":"Highway Camera Calibration and Vehicle Speed Estimation Using Multilayered Lane-Line Keypoints","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417438581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3645130"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3645130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3645130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031961062","display_name":"Fan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1888-3871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1888-3871","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaoguang Zhai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoguang Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100577351","display_name":"Chuibin Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuibin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059248438","display_name":"Kai\u2010Kuang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2932-5709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Kuang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2932-5709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qihui Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9521-5084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qihui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9521-5084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113891486","display_name":"Xiaofei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1464-1987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1464-1987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4082,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83300194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"5","first_page":"6022","last_page":"6036"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.4708999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.4708999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.28940001130104065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.058400001376867294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7405999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.701200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camera-resectioning","display_name":"Camera resectioning","score":0.6154000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.539900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camera-auto-calibration","display_name":"Camera auto-calibration","score":0.5098000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.4668999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vanishing-point","display_name":"Vanishing point","score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4350999891757965}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7573000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7544999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7405999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7106999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.701200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110898773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2933935","display_name":"Camera resectioning","level":2,"score":0.6154000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.539900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94816000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5026006","display_name":"Camera auto-calibration","level":3,"score":0.5098000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.4668999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99404194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163362","display_name":"Vanishing point","level":3,"score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4350999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.398499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84119951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3498530","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","level":3,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778852477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313614","display_name":"Video camera","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3645130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3645130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2283544600","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023Z019052001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322857","funder_display_name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8558165297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322857","display_name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/02wq41p38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Camera":[0],"calibration":[1,75,108,146],"enables":[2],"the":[3,52,145,150,192],"automatic":[4],"estimation":[5,79,201],"of":[6,153,185],"intrinsic":[7],"and":[8,17,42,67,76,90,102,112,131],"extrinsic":[9],"camera":[10,74,82,166],"parameters,":[11,124],"uncovering":[12],"correspondences":[13],"between":[14],"2D":[15],"images":[16],"3D":[18],"real-world":[19],"coordinates.":[20],"For":[21,81,134],"highway":[22,160],"surveillance":[23],"cameras,":[24],"existing":[25,178],"methods":[26,179],"often":[27],"rely":[28],"on":[29,56,205],"cumbersome":[30],"procedures":[31],"to":[32,70,121,148,190],"extract":[33],"limited":[34],"priors":[35,61],"(e.g.,":[36,46],"vanishing":[37],"points":[38],"or":[39],"reference":[40],"points)":[41],"provide":[43],"incomplete":[44],"estimations":[45],"roll":[47],"angle).":[48],"Therefore,":[49],"we":[50],"leverage":[51],"multilayered":[53],"lane":[54,68],"lines":[55],"highways,":[57],"which":[58],"offer":[59],"rich":[60],"such":[62],"as":[63],"segment":[64],"lengths,":[65],"intervals,":[66],"widths,":[69],"develop":[71],"a":[72],"novel":[73],"vehicle":[77,104,135,199],"speed":[78,136,200],"method.":[80],"calibration,":[83],"our":[84,175],"approach":[85],"performs":[86],"road":[87],"instance":[88],"segmentation":[89],"extracts":[91],"<italic":[92,114],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[93,115],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">multilayered":[94],"lane-line":[95,132],"keypoints":[96],"(MLK)</i>":[97],"while":[98],"mitigating":[99],"environmental":[100],"interference":[101],"dynamic":[103],"occlusions.":[105],"An":[106],"MLK-based":[107],"model":[109,147],"is":[110,119,188,202],"constructed":[111],"an":[113],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">angle-polling":[116],"Levenberg-Marquardt":[117],"algorithm</i>":[118],"designed":[120],"estimate":[122],"key":[123,186],"including":[125],"focal":[126],"length,":[127],"three":[128],"rotation":[129],"angles,":[130],"distance.":[133],"estimation,":[137],"multi-object":[138],"tracking":[139],"(MOT)":[140],"algorithms":[141],"are":[142],"integrated":[143],"with":[144],"infer":[149],"average":[151],"speeds":[152],"all":[154,181],"identified":[155],"vehicles.":[156],"We":[157],"collected":[158],"real":[159],"video":[161],"footage":[162],"from":[163],"four":[164],"different":[165],"setups":[167],"in":[168,198],"Chinese":[169],"highways.":[170],"Experimental":[171],"results":[172],"demonstrate":[173],"that":[174],"method":[176],"outperforms":[177],"across":[180],"setups.":[182],"The":[183],"impact":[184],"parameters":[187],"evaluated":[189],"determine":[191],"optimal":[193],"configuration.":[194],"Lastly,":[195],"its":[196],"effectiveness":[197],"assessed":[203],"based":[204],"advanced":[206],"MOT":[207],"algorithms.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-12-17T00:00:00"}