{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416748602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3637837","title":"On the Efficient Adaptive Streaming of 3D Gaussian Splatting Over Dynamic Networks","display_name":"On the Efficient Adaptive Streaming of 3D Gaussian Splatting Over Dynamic Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416748602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3637837"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3637837","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3637837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yifan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7279-3373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7279-3373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026706844","display_name":"Mufan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3092-7848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mufan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3092-7848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091369808","display_name":"Qi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4274-3457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75421653","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City","ror":"https://ror.org/01w0d5g70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75421653"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA","University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas, America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4274-3457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75421653"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas, America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75421653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"He Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4328-5685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4328-5685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052722469","display_name":"Le Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7945-6323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7945-6323","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033545333","display_name":"Yiling Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4942-5232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiling Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4942-5232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5295,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69791358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"4","first_page":"4594","last_page":"4608"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.945900022983551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.945900022983551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.016699999570846558,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4975000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.44850000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-adaptive-streaming-over-http","display_name":"Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP","score":0.4368000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-experience","display_name":"Quality of experience","score":0.4207000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3817000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.3531999886035919}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4975000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44850000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777588599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135299","display_name":"Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP","level":4,"score":0.4368000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779333187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3132648","display_name":"Quality of experience","level":3,"score":0.4207000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3817000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13540734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318996","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","level":2,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113364801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26674","display_name":"High fidelity","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160086991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5939193","display_name":"Human visual system model","level":3,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34339180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1325924","display_name":"Constant bitrate","level":4,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780056265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106239881","display_name":"High dynamic range","level":3,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187166803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835831","display_name":"Streaming algorithm","level":3,"score":0.2612999975681305}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3637837","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3637837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6337704764","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22DZ2229005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6360183275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22DZ2229005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6669632057","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371290","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7390824296","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YFB2907204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3D":[0,120],"Gaussian":[1],"Splatting":[2],"(3DGS)":[3],"has":[4],"recently":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7,52],"a":[8,88,114,129,151,161],"promising":[9],"representation":[10,116,148],"for":[11,29,60],"immersive":[12],"media.":[13],"Its":[14],"explicit":[15],"splat-based":[16],"structure":[17],"offers":[18],"high":[19],"visual":[20,102],"quality":[21,199],"and":[22,57,140,146,188,202],"real-time":[23,180],"rendering,":[24],"making":[25],"it":[26],"particularly":[27],"suitable":[28],"six":[30],"degrees":[31],"of":[32,200],"freedom":[33],"streaming":[34,41,74,153,203],"applications.":[35],"However,":[36],"its":[37,123],"deployment":[38],"in":[39,205],"practical":[40],"scenarios":[42],"is":[43,105,110,155,158],"still":[44],"limited":[45],"due":[46],"to":[47,99,169],"several":[48],"key":[49],"challenges":[50],"such":[51],"the":[53,100,118,135,193,198],"large":[54],"data":[55],"volume,":[56],"insufficient":[58],"support":[59],"dynamic":[61],"bitrate":[62,131],"adaptation":[63],"under":[64],"fluctuating":[65],"network":[66,181,207],"conditions.":[67],"This":[68,143],"paper":[69],"presents":[70],"an":[71],"efficient":[72,145],"3DGS":[73,81,109,186],"framework":[75],"that":[76,165,192],"operates":[77],"directly":[78],"on":[79,179,184],"pre-generated":[80],"models":[82],"without":[83],"retraining":[84],"or":[85,173],"fine-tuning.":[86],"First,":[87],"training-free":[89],"perceptual":[90,141],"pruning":[91],"method,":[92],"which":[93],"removes":[94],"visually":[95],"redundant":[96],"Gaussians":[97],"according":[98],"human":[101],"system":[103],"metrics,":[104],"introduced.":[106],"The":[107],"resulting":[108],"then":[111],"encoded":[112],"into":[113],"compact":[115],"using":[117],"extended":[119],"codecs,":[121],"exploiting":[122],"point-based":[124],"structure.":[125],"Next,":[126],"we":[127],"build":[128],"scene-specific":[130],"ladder":[132],"through":[133],"analyzing":[134],"trade-off":[136],"between":[137],"resolution,":[138],"bitrate,":[139],"quality.":[142],"enables":[144],"fine-grained":[147],"selection.":[149],"Finally,":[150],"progressive":[152],"mechanism":[154],"developed.":[156],"It":[157],"driven":[159],"by":[160],"reinforcement":[162],"learning":[163],"scheduler":[164],"adaptively":[166],"decides":[167],"whether":[168],"download":[170],"new":[171],"content":[172,177],"enhance":[174],"previously":[175],"buffered":[176],"based":[178],"feedback.":[182],"Experiments":[183],"real-world":[185],"datasets":[187],"bandwidth":[189],"traces":[190],"show":[191],"proposed":[194],"method":[195],"evidently":[196],"improves":[197],"experience":[201],"efficiency":[204],"various":[206],"scenarios.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}
