{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415482460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3625077","title":"Syntax Element Encryption for H.265/HEVC Using Chaotic Map-Based Coefficient Scrambling Scheme","display_name":"Syntax Element Encryption for H.265/HEVC Using Chaotic Map-Based Coefficient Scrambling Scheme","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415482460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3625077"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3625077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3625077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054528834","display_name":"Liangwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5965-109X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang-Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010460707","display_name":"Chung\u2010Nan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0789-1956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Nan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0789-1956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068703420","display_name":"Kishu Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1451-4745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kishu Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1451-4745","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019328343","display_name":"Huei\u2010Fang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8261-6965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huei-Fang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069999052","display_name":"Ashutosh K. Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0832-5582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I288749910","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal","ror":"https://ror.org/02rb21j89","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I288749910"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashutosh Kumar Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Information Technology Bhopal, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bhopal, India","Department of Computer Science, VIZJA University, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Bhopal, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bhopal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I288749910"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, VIZJA University, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3369373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"4","first_page":"5655","last_page":"5670"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scrambling","display_name":"Scrambling","score":0.9212999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.770799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5807999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5638999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitstream","display_name":"Bitstream","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-vector","display_name":"Motion vector","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaotic","display_name":"Chaotic","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.42489999532699585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182548165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2261483","display_name":"Scrambling","level":2,"score":0.9212999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.770799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5807999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5638999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136695289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415568","display_name":"Bitstream","level":3,"score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5360999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779020251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3555171","display_name":"Motion vector","level":3,"score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072826","display_name":"Chaotic","level":2,"score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4212999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.39750000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18446390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273902","display_name":"MPEG-2","level":2,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778192920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16874989","display_name":"Signal compression","level":4,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94520183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190746","display_name":"Advanced Encryption Standard","level":3,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103910844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2631256","display_name":"Video quality","level":3,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196496179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860741","display_name":"Group of pictures","level":3,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169805256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361381","display_name":"Transform coding","level":4,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54569210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246854","display_name":"Probabilistic encryption","level":3,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9368797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117010","display_name":"Disk encryption","level":4,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3625077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3625077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1071473936","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"114-2640-E-110-004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1937028515","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 114-2634-F-110-001-MBK","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6315176968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"113-2811-E-110-014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8259066997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"112-2221-E-110-047-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"today\u2019s":[1],"digital":[2],"landscape,":[3],"high-efficiency":[4],"video":[5,15,27,167,181],"coding":[6,16],"(H.265/HEVC)":[7],"has":[8],"emerged":[9],"as":[10],"the":[11,24,80,124,132,135,178,201],"most":[12],"widely":[13],"used":[14],"standard,":[17],"employing":[18],"selective":[19],"encryption":[20,145],"schemes":[21],"to":[22,45,51,85,92,130,205],"protect":[23,206],"privacy":[25],"of":[26,180,244,253],"content":[28,182],"while":[29,101,237],"maintaining":[30],"efficient":[31],"compression":[32],"performance.":[33],"However,":[34],"existing":[35],"coefficient":[36,66,96],"scrambling":[37,67,125],"methods":[38],"impose":[39],"a":[40,64,192,239,247],"significant":[41],"computational":[42],"load,":[43],"leading":[44],"increased":[46],"bit":[47,136,241],"rate":[48,137,242],"overhead":[49,243,252],"due":[50],"encryption,":[52],"longer":[53],"execution":[54,225,250],"times,":[55,226],"and":[56,83,120,157,231],"insufficient":[57],"safety":[58],"measures.":[59],"To":[60],"address":[61],"these":[62],"issues,":[63],"new":[65],"scheme":[68,171,216],"based":[69],"on":[70,134],"<italic":[71],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[72],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">chaotic":[73],"maps</i>":[74],"is":[75,198],"proposed.":[76],"This":[77],"approach":[78],"leverages":[79],"pseudorandomness,":[81],"ergodicity,":[82],"sensitivity":[84],"initial":[86],"conditions":[87,126],"inherent":[88],"in":[89],"chaotic":[90,108],"maps":[91,109],"generate":[93],"highly":[94],"unpredictable":[95],"distributions,":[97],"thereby":[98],"strengthening":[99],"security":[100],"preserving":[102],"low":[103],"complexity.":[104],"Unlike":[105],"conventional":[106],"scrambling,":[107],"ensure":[110],"minimal":[111],"correlation":[112],"between":[113],"encrypted":[114],"coefficients,":[115],"enhancing":[116],"resistance":[117],"against":[118,207,233],"statistical":[119],"differential":[121],"attacks.":[122,209],"Additionally,":[123,191],"are":[127,189],"specifically":[128],"designed":[129],"minimize":[131],"impact":[133],"overhead.":[138],"Furthermore,":[139],"when":[140],"combined":[141],"with":[142,174,200,221,229,246],"syntax":[143],"element":[144],"(SEC),":[146],"which":[147],"includes":[148],"motion":[149],"vector":[150],"difference":[151],"(MVD),":[152],"quantized":[153],"transform":[154],"coefficients":[155],"(QTC),":[156],"luma":[158],"intraprediction":[159],"mode":[160],"(Luma":[161],"IPM),":[162],"this":[163,215],"method":[164],"effectively":[165],"distorts":[166],"content.":[168],"The":[169,210],"proposed":[170],"operates":[172],"synchronously":[173],"slices,":[175,230],"ensuring":[176],"that":[177,214],"decryption":[179],"remains":[183],"intact":[184],"even":[185],"if":[186],"some":[187],"slices":[188],"lost.":[190],"random":[193],"sequence":[194],"generated":[195],"by":[196],"AES-CTR":[197],"incorporated":[199],"H.265":[202],"encoded":[203],"stream":[204],"chosen-plaintext":[208],"experimental":[211],"results":[212],"indicate":[213],"features":[217],"high":[218],"security,":[219],"compliance":[220],"format":[222],"standards,":[223],"fast":[224],"synchronous":[227],"updates":[228],"resilience":[232],"common":[234],"attacks,":[235],"all":[236],"achieving":[238],"reduced":[240],"45.13%":[245],"lowered":[248],"average":[249],"time":[251],"1.91%.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-23T00:00:00"}
