{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412404023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3588565","title":"Physics-Guided Detector for SAR Airplanes","display_name":"Physics-Guided Detector for SAR Airplanes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412404023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3588565"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3588565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3588565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002219929","display_name":"Zhongling Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2368-9229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhongling Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (BRAINLAB), School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","BRAIN Lab at School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2368-9229","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (BRAINLAB), School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BRAIN Lab at School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115595933","display_name":"Long Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (BRAINLAB), School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","BRAIN Lab at School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (BRAINLAB), School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BRAIN Lab at School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019557003","display_name":"Shuxin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6061-1351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuxin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (BRAINLAB), School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","BRAIN Lab at School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (BRAINLAB), School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BRAIN Lab at School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023538862","display_name":"Zhirui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2877-0384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhirui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Target Cognition and Application Technology (TCAT), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Network Information System Technology (NIST), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2877-0384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Target Cognition and Application Technology (TCAT), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Network Information System Technology (NIST), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080476856","display_name":"Gong Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-0683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gong Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (BRAINLAB), School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","BRAIN Lab at School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-0683","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (BRAINLAB), School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BRAIN Lab at School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012529382","display_name":"Junwei Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5545-7217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junwei Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (BRAINLAB), School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","BRAIN Lab at School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5545-7217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (BRAINLAB), School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BRAIN Lab at School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002219929"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.9388,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99172865,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"12","first_page":"12082","last_page":"12095"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.9430000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9034000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6061745285987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5269684791564941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4763205945491791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4519228935241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.42859935760498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34853750467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.33810102939605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.2559620141983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.24573493003845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10454598069190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09928169846534729}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6061745285987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5269684791564941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4763205945491791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4519228935241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.42859935760498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34853750467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33810102939605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.2559620141983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.24573493003845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10454598069190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09928169846534729}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3588565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2025.3588565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5897481673","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101459","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7137241798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025JC-QYXQ-032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8476286870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025A1515011368","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328373","display_name":"National Key Laboratory Foundation of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2559876835","https://openalex.org/W2583409927","https://openalex.org/W2741049043","https://openalex.org/W2916798096","https://openalex.org/W2924873663","https://openalex.org/W2941841895","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2986357608","https://openalex.org/W2990641522","https://openalex.org/W3012991496","https://openalex.org/W3048923904","https://openalex.org/W3092663126","https://openalex.org/W3101684954","https://openalex.org/W3169575272","https://openalex.org/W3189133113","https://openalex.org/W3196874513","https://openalex.org/W3211012720","https://openalex.org/W3215790634","https://openalex.org/W3216412612","https://openalex.org/W4214508443","https://openalex.org/W4220837851","https://openalex.org/W4221142320","https://openalex.org/W4226089519","https://openalex.org/W4226113955","https://openalex.org/W4289203581","https://openalex.org/W4296558678","https://openalex.org/W4313032837","https://openalex.org/W4313156423","https://openalex.org/W4319068977","https://openalex.org/W4320004340","https://openalex.org/W4321488045","https://openalex.org/W4322706842","https://openalex.org/W4327785494","https://openalex.org/W4376464584","https://openalex.org/W4379928223","https://openalex.org/W4380534865","https://openalex.org/W4384009339","https://openalex.org/W4385893752","https://openalex.org/W4386189887","https://openalex.org/W4389076493","https://openalex.org/W4389080248","https://openalex.org/W4389880076","https://openalex.org/W4390204287","https://openalex.org/W4390872787","https://openalex.org/W4391305863","https://openalex.org/W4391936056","https://openalex.org/W4392543853","https://openalex.org/W4394007658","https://openalex.org/W4399168075","https://openalex.org/W4400188626","https://openalex.org/W4401328485","https://openalex.org/W4402263856","https://openalex.org/W4402568752","https://openalex.org/W4402727805","https://openalex.org/W4402978281","https://openalex.org/W4403780872","https://openalex.org/W6922114160"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252699458","https://openalex.org/W2545123933","https://openalex.org/W2585813813","https://openalex.org/W2041414401","https://openalex.org/W2042726296","https://openalex.org/W2096748030","https://openalex.org/W3016428515","https://openalex.org/W2160730947","https://openalex.org/W2747205507","https://openalex.org/W2917196883"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,23,84,205,245],"disperse":[1],"structure":[2,131],"distributions":[3,132],"(discreteness)":[4],"and":[5,21,58,96,103,166,190,192,202,210,235],"variant":[6],"scattering":[7,168],"characteristics":[8],"(variability)":[9],"of":[10,18,87,119,128,144,170,212,231],"SAR":[11,33,51,120,172,222],"airplane":[12,121,173,223],"targets":[13,122],"lead":[14],"to":[15,60,75,108,162,195],"special":[16],"challenges":[17,29],"object":[19],"detection":[20,63,160,203,224],"recognition.":[22],"current":[24],"deep":[25,78],"learning-based":[26,79],"detectors":[27,80,198,220],"encounter":[28],"in":[30],"distinguishing":[31],"fine-grained":[32,226],"airplanes":[34,52],"against":[35],"complex":[36,181],"backgrounds.":[37],"To":[38],"address":[39],"it,":[40],"we":[41],"propose":[42,184],"a":[43,67,110,116,145],"novel":[44],"physics-guided":[45,91],"detector":[46],"(PGD)":[47],"learning":[48,69,112],"paradigm":[49,70],"for":[50],"that":[53,71,123],"comprehensively":[54],"investigate":[55],"their":[56],"discreteness":[57],"variability":[59],"improve":[61,218],"the":[62,90,125,134,140,149,159,164,177,180,208,213,237],"performance.":[64],"It":[65],"is":[66,156,247],"general":[68],"can":[72,217],"be":[73],"extended":[74],"different":[76,200],"existing":[77,197,219],"with":[81,199,225],"\u201dbackbone-neck-head\u201d":[82],"architectures.":[83],"main":[85],"contributions":[86],"PGD":[88,189],"include":[89],"self-supervised":[92,111],"learning,":[93],"feature":[94,142],"enhancement,":[95],"instance":[97],"perception,":[98],"denoted":[99,187],"as":[100,188],"PGSSL,":[101],"PGFE,":[102],"PGIP,":[104],"respectively.":[105],"PGSSL":[106],"aims":[107],"construct":[109],"task":[113,228],"based":[114],"on":[115,221,242],"wide":[117],"range":[118],"encodes":[124],"prior":[126],"knowledge":[127],"various":[129,196],"discrete":[130],"into":[133],"embedded":[135],"space.":[136],"Then,":[137],"PGFE":[138],"enhances":[139],"multi-scale":[141],"representation":[143],"detector,":[146],"guided":[147],"by":[148],"physics-aware":[150],"information":[151],"learned":[152],"from":[153,179],"PGSSL.":[154],"PGIP":[155],"constructed":[157],"at":[158,249],"head":[161],"learn":[163],"refined":[165],"dominant":[167],"point":[169],"each":[171],"instance,":[174],"thus":[175],"alleviating":[176],"interference":[178],"background.":[182],"We":[183],"two":[185],"implementations,":[186],"PGD-Lite,":[191],"apply":[193],"them":[194],"backbones":[201],"heads.":[204],"experiments":[206],"demonstrate":[207],"flexibility":[209],"effectiveness":[211],"proposed":[214],"PGD,":[215],"which":[216],"classification":[227],"(an":[229],"improvement":[230],"3.1%":[232],"mAP":[233],"most),":[234],"achieve":[236],"state-of-the-art":[238],"performance":[239],"(90.7%":[240],"mAP)":[241],"SAR-AIRcraft-1.0":[243],"dataset.":[244],"project":[246],"open-source":[248],"https://github.com/XAI4SAR/PGD.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-12-06T23:10:59.065948","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
